基于信息化技术的单株烤烟大田动态生育进程研究

Study on dynamic growth process of individual flue-cured tobacco in the field based on information technology

为准确掌握烟株大田生育进程的外观形态及其对应的作物信息指标,采用单株栽培、信息化技术、人工调查、定叶位挂牌标记和图像影音处理等方法,对单株烤烟的大田生育期和每片有效叶的产质量进行了研究。结果表明,采集图像按照每秒25帧的频率制作成延时摄影,可将烟株长达124d的大田生育进程用5min呈现;旺长期是各农艺性状快速生长的最主要时间段,株高、茎围和最大叶面积的生长进度达到或超过1/3,14片叶在此期间萌发,占大田期萌发叶片数的50%,而且全部最终成为有效叶;烟株18片有效叶对应的叶位为No.15—32,叶片干重从下往上呈现上升趋势,在No.28叶位达到峰值(17.64 g)后干重逐步下降;叶片收购价格变化趋势与重量变化基本一致,烟叶等级与叶位的对应关系为CF:No.18—24,BF:25—32,XF:No.15—17。采用"农用智能装置的拍照方法及拍照系统"信息化平台可实现对烟株大田生长发育的全程监控和动态呈现,通过后期图像处理,获得烟株物候期图像及对应农作物信息,为研究和优化烤烟大田生育进程及田间长相提供了有效方法。

In order to accurately understand the appearance of the growth process and the corresponding crop information index of flue-cured tobacco in the field, the methods of single plant cultivation, information technology, artificial investigation, fixed leaf listing mark and image processing were adopted. To study the growth duration after transplant and the yield and quality of each effective leaf of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the collected images were made into delayed photography according to the frequency of 25 frames per second, and the growth process of tobacco plant(124 d) could be presented in 5 min. The fast-growing stage was the most important time for the rapid growth of the agronomic traits. The growth rate of plant height, stem girth and the maximum leaf area reached or exceeded 1/3;14 leaves accounted for 50% of the number of germinating leaves in the field, and all of them became effective leaves. The leaf position No.15-32 became 18 effective leaves. The weight of dry leaf increased from the bottom to the top, and the dry weight gradually decreased after the peak value of leaf position No.28, and the change trend of leaf purchase price was basically consistent with the change of leaf weight. The corresponding relationship between tobacco leaf grade and leaf position is CF: No.18-24, BF: 25-32, XF: No.15-17. By using the information platform of "Photographing and Photographing System of Agricultural Intelligent Equipment", the whole process monitoring and dynamic presentation of the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco in the field can be realized. Through the image processing, the phenological phase image and the corresponding crop information of flue-cured tobacco can be obtained,which provides an effective method for studying and optimizing the growth process and appearance of flue-cured tobacco in the field.