居民用户参与电网调峰激励机制及优化用电策略研究

Research on Incentive Mechanism and Optimal Power Consumption Strategy for Residential Users' Participation in Peak Shaving of Power Grid

随着居民用电占比的不断提升,以及智能电表和智能家电在居民用户中的普及,开发居民用户的需求响应潜力对提高电网灵活调节能力是非常必要的。该文以居民负荷参与电网调峰为切入点,首先建立兼顾用户用电舒适度的居民用户各类电器的负荷模型;其次,基于现有分时电价机制不足以调动居民用户参与电网调峰的积极性及可能形成新的负荷高峰的情况,从居民负荷与系统负荷的相关性出发,提出了反映居民用电对电网调峰贡献度的调峰激励机制,并进行了合理性证明;最后综合考虑用电成本、舒适度和调峰激励建立了居民用户用电优化策略。仿真分析表明,所提出的调峰激励机制能够兼顾居民用户和电网的利益,是一种对现有固定/分时电价有效补充的激励机制,能进一步减少居民用户用电成本,降低其负荷峰值,响应电网削峰填谷的需要,实现居民用户与电网的友好互动。

With increasing ratio of residential load and popularization of smart meters and smart appliances in residential users, it is necessary to develop demand response potential of residential users to improve flexibility of power grid operation. This paper focuses on participation of residential load in peak shaving of power grid. Firstly, load models of various appliances considering user’s comfort are established. Then, based on the situation that current time-of-use electricity price is not enough to arouse enthusiasm of residential users to participate in peak shaving of power grid and may create new load peaks, starting from the correlation between residential load and system load, a peak shaving incentive mechanism is put forward, reflecting the contribution of residential power consumption to peak shaving, and then its rationality is proved. Finally, electricity cost, comfort degree and the incentive are synthesized to form an optimal power consumption strategy for residential users. Simulation results show that the proposed incentive mechanism, taking account of the interests of both residents and power grid, is an effective supplementary incentive for fixed or time-of-use electricity price mechanism. It can reduce electricity cost and the peak load of residential users, conform to need of peak load shifting, and therefore realize friendly interaction between residential users and power grid.