硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化机理及其服役寿命预测研究综述

Review on Aging Mechanism and Service Life Prediction of Silicone Rubber Composite Insulator

硅橡胶复合绝缘子在运行环境因素作用下的老化失效问题给电网的安全运行带来重大隐患,也是当前复合绝缘子运维管理中的重点和难点问题。文中系统分析了运行复合绝缘子老化的影响因素和作用机理,综述了当前复合绝缘子硅橡胶材料物理老化、化学老化和电老化的研究现状与进展,进而对其服役寿命的各种预测模型的适用性和有效性进行了分析,最后对复合绝缘子老化状态研究及寿命预测方法的发展趋势进行了展望,希望能为复合绝缘子生产厂家、运行单位和科研部门提供支持和参考。

In electric power industry, the silicone rubber composite insulators are replacing the conventional inorganic material insulators,such as porcelain or glass insulators,because the silicone rubber insulators have excellent performances in water repellency and contamination resistance. However, the aging behavior of the silicone rubber composite insulator will brings hidden danger to safety of power grid. Many studies have focused on the aging behaviors of the silicone rubber,and some possible mechanisms responsible for the aging process have been proposed in recent years. This paper reviews the studies of the aging mechanisms of the silicone rubber,and classifies the aging types of the silicone rubber as physical aging,chemical aging,and electrical aging. Physical aging is caused by UV irradiation and partial heat. Chemical aging is caused by erosive gases,acids and alkalis. Electrical aging concerns partial discharge and plasma. Physical aging and chemical aging are the fundamental mechanisms, and electrical aging is the result of both physical and chemical aging.Furthermore, this paper reviews the life prediction models of the silicone rubber. The principles of judging invalidation of the silicone rubber are discussed. The life prediction models based on the electrical aging and accelerated aging modes are discussed. The model for life prediction of the silicone rubber insulator based on experience is also discussed. Considering the complexity of service environments,this paper sorts the different kinds of aging mechanisms to try to present a research direction towards life prediction of the silicone rubber composite insulator.