微嵌合体在胆道闭锁研究中的思路和进展

Concepts and advances of microchimerism in biliary atresia

嵌合体(chimera)指体内有来源于其他个体细胞群的个体,微嵌合体(microchimerism,Mc)指实体器官或血液循环中存在数量较少的非自体细胞,研究发现微嵌合体可能导致移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease, GVHD)。胆道闭锁是一种病因尚不明确的严重的新生儿胆汁淤积性疾病,治疗上难度大,花费多,预后差。对病因的研究在基因、发育、毒物、病毒、免疫等方面均找到一些证据,但都无法完整阐述其发病机制。2004年,Suckind等首次提出母源微嵌合体可能与胆道闭锁发病相关,因此本文主要讲述微嵌合体与胆道闭锁发病关系的研究进展。

Chimera refers to an individual with genetically different cell populations while microchimerism represents the existence of allogeneic cells in solid organ or blood circulation.Previous studies have revealed that microchimerism may lead to graft versus host disease.Biliary atresia (BA) is a kind of severe neonatal cholestatic disease with an elusive etiology related with gene, development, environment, viral infections and immune factors.However, none of them can fully explain its pathogenesis.In 2004, Suckind and colleagues proposed that maternal microchimerism might be correlated with the pathogenesis of BA.This review offers an introduction of concepts and advances in the studies of microchimerism in BA.