中国在世界秩序中的双重位置:主导权与制衡性主导权的双重复杂性

China’s Dual Position in the Capitalist World Order: A Complexity of Hegemony and Counter-hegemony

本文的讨论基于解读中国崛起的双重复杂性,即对崛起的中国对世界不同地区和领域的不同影响和意义进行概念化分析。一方面,中国被视为一个对现存世界秩序的"核心国家"拥有制衡主导性本文中"主导性"的概念源自英文的"Hegemony"一词。Hegemony在中文文献和语境里一直翻译为"霸权",而众所周知"霸权"一词是带有贬义或者负面色彩。而源于葛兰西政治理论的"hegemony"是非常正面和积极的语义,它指的是统治阶级或某种社会力量能保持领导地位和在国家各领域保持主导权的能力。这种能力折射出一定超越阶级和意识形态的普遍性价值观,也包含统治阶级的弹性和柔性以及不断妥协、更新和完善自身的意识。国际关系学中新葛兰西理论把此概念提升到国际政治层面来分析世界秩序中的领导权和主导权。因此,本文把"hegemony"翻译为"主导""主导性""主导权"。的力量;另一方面,中国也同时被认为是世界秩序中半边缘和边缘地区或国家的新兴主导性力量。这种形势促使作者去研究上述两方面之间所存在的某种动态的和辩证的关系。作为一个新兴主导力量,中国正处在世界秩序由传统主导形态向相互依存主导形态转变的接合点上。随着在世界体系中不断提升的位置以及由此获得的财富和权力,中国的持续性崛起将为半边缘和边缘国家提供更大的"发展空间"(room of maneuver)和"向上动力"(upward mobility)。中国作为主导力量不能被理解为传统意义上的核心国家,而应当被视为支撑全球性关系和承担全球性关切的重要力量。

This article explores the dual complexity brought about by China's global rise.It intends to conceptualize China's rise as having different implications and impacts on different parts of the world.On the one hand,it may be argued that China is becoming an emerging counter-hegemonic social force to the "core"of the existing world order;while at the same time,it can also be seen as a new rising hegemon to the semi-peripheral and peripheral parts of the world order.This situation prompts the authors to examine the above dynamic and dialectic relationships.In line with the authors' analysis,as an emerging power,China is in a transitional junction from a world order that was dominated by conventional hegemony to a one that is increasingly shaped by interdependent hegemony. With its accumulated power and wealth brought about by its upgraded position in the world system, China's continuous rise is providing more "room for maneuver"and "upward mobility"to semi-peripheral and peripheralcountries.China as a "hegemon"must be understood not as a new member of the conventional "core",but as a nation whose power is characterized by global relationship and relevance.