2017年重庆市生活饮用水水碘含量调查结果分析

Analysis on the survey results of iodine content in drinking water in Chongqing, 2017

目的了解重庆市居民生活饮用水水碘含量分布情况。方法2017年按照《重庆市生活饮用水水碘含量调查技术方案》的要求,在重庆市38个区(县)和万盛经济技术开发区以乡(镇、街道办事处)为单位开展水碘含量、水源类型、井深及地域情况调查,并对其中水碘中位数>10μg/L的乡(镇、街道办事处),以行政村(居委会)为单位开展调查。水碘检测采用国家碘缺乏病参照实验室推荐的"适合缺碘及高碘地区水碘检测的方法"。对不同水源类型、不同井深及不同地域的水碘含量进行比较分析。结果全市共采集水样17584份,水碘中位数为1.7μg/L,范围为0.2~124.0μg/L,其中水碘<10μg/L的占96.13%(16903/17584),10~100μg/L的占3.86%(679/17584),>100μg/L的占0.01%(2/17584)。1023个乡(镇、街道办事处)中,水碘<10μg/L有1020个,10~100μg/L的有3个,分别为荣昌区安富街道(25.8μg/L)、清升镇(11.8μg/L)和龙集镇(31.0μg/L)。深井水、自来水、浅井水水碘含量(4.2、1.5、1.2μg/L)比较差异有统计学意义(H=2008.4,P<0.01)。井深和水碘含量呈正相关(r=0.298,P<0.01)。主城区、渝东北、渝东南、渝西水碘中位数分别为1.8、0.8、1.1、3.7μg/L,不同地域水碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=4080.5,P<0.01),渝东北和渝东南(均属山区)水碘含量相对较低。结论重庆市属于碘缺乏地区,大部分地区生活饮用水水碘含量偏低。山区群众的碘缺乏风险要比其他地区更大。

Objective To understand the distribution of iodine content in drinking water of residents in Chongqing. Methods In 2017, according to the "Technical Plan for the Investigation of Iodine Content of Drinking Water in Chongqing", surveys on water iodine content, water source type, well depth and geographical situation were carried out in 38 districts (counties) and Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone in Chongqing, with township (town, street office) as a survey unit. Among them, the township (town, street office) with the median of water iodine > 10 μg/L was investigated with a administrative village (residential committee) as a survey unit. The "Method for Iodine Detection in Iodine-deficient and High-iodine Areas" recommended by the National Iodine Deficiency Disease Reference Laboratory was adopted for water iodine detection. The water iodine contents of different water source types, different well depths and different areas were compared and analyzed. Results In 2017, a total of 17 584 water samples were collected in Chongqing. The median of water iodine was 1.7 μg/L, ranging from 0.2 to 124.0 μg/L, with the content < 10 μg/L accounted for 96.13% (16 903/17 584), 10-100 μg/L accounted for 3.86% (679/17 584), and > 100 μg/L accounted for 0.01% (2/17 584). Among the 1 023 townships (towns, street offices), 1 020 townships (towns, street offices) were water iodine < 10 μg/L, and 3 townships (towns, street offices) were water iodine in 10-100 μg/L, they were Anfu Street (25.8 μg/L), Qingsheng Town (11.8 μg/L) and Longji Town (31.0 μg/L) of Rongchang District. The differences of iodine content between deep well water, tap water andshallow well water (4.2, 1.5, 1.2 μg/L) were statistically significant (H=2 008.4, P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between well depth and water iodine (r=0.298, P < 0.01). The medians of water iodine in main, northeast, southeast, and western areas were 1.8, 0.8, 1.1 and 3.7 μg/L, respectively, and the differences of water iodine content between different regions were statistically significant (H=4 080.5, P < 0.01). The water iodine contents of northeast and southeast areas (both were mountainous areas) were relatively low. Conclusions Chongqing is an iodine deficiency area. In most areas, the iodine content of drinking water is low, and the risk of iodine deficiency in mountainous areas is greater than that in other areas.