墨西哥鼠尾草访花昆虫观察及盗蜜行为的初步研究

Flower-visiting Insects and Behavior of Nectar-robbers Associated with Salvia leucantha

墨西哥鼠尾草(Salvia leucantha)是唇形科、鼠尾草属的一年生草本植物,国内主要分布于浙江、安徽南部,目前已被广泛用作园林绿化中的景观植物。采用目测、拍照和摄像等方式调查了墨西哥鼠尾草的访花昆虫种类,初步观察了主要传粉昆虫的访花及盗蜜行为,记录了访花昆虫的日常活动规律。研究表明,墨西哥鼠尾草花期内的访花昆虫主要是中华蜜蜂、西方蜜蜂和熊蜂,其中熊蜂是唯一的初级盗蜜者,同时也是次级盗蜜者,中蜂和西蜂沿着熊蜂的盗洞进行采集。在墨西哥鼠尾草花有盗洞的情况下,蜜蜂单花停留时间越短,单位时间内访问的花朵数越多,访花频率越高。

Salvia leucantha is an annual herb of the genus Salvia(Lamiaceae).It is mainly distributed in the South of Zhejiang province and Anhui province.It has been widely used as landscape plants in landscaping now.In this paper,the species of visiting insects of S.leucantha were investigated by means of visual observation,photography and video recording,and the behaviors of flower-visiting and nectar-robbing of major pollinators were observed.The activity rhythm of visiting insects was recorded.Studies have shown that the flower-visiting insects in the flowering period of the S.leucantha are mainly Apis cerana cerana,Apis mellifera and bumblebees.Among them,bumblebees are the only primary nectar robber,and also the secondary nectar robber,A.c.cerana and A.melliferafollow the hole to steal nectar.When S.leucantha had robbing holes,the number of flowers visited per unit time was higher and the frequency of flowers visited was higher when the time spent by bees was shorter.