先天缺牙与牙形态、大小异常相互关系的研究

Agenesis and the Morphology and Site of Other Teeth in the Permanent Dentition

目的 探讨先天缺牙与牙形态异常及牙大小异常的相互关系。方法 对 79例先天缺牙患者的缺牙部位、缺牙数目、余留牙异常的牙体形态进行分析 ,并按缺牙程度及部位分成 4组 ,测量其牙冠宽度。结果 ( 1)上颌侧切牙、下颌中切牙为临床最常见牙先天缺失部位 ,上颌中切牙、上下颌第一磨牙为牙列中最不易先天缺失的牙齿 ,但上颌中切牙在先天缺牙患者中常呈轻度的锥形牙冠。 ( 2 )先天缺牙常伴牙齿形态异常 ,以上颌侧切牙、下颌尖牙、上颌第二前磨牙、上下颌第二磨牙多见。 ( 3 )轻度先天缺牙患者余留牙大小无异常 ,随着先天缺牙严重程度增加 ,前牙有逐渐减小趋势而后牙大小较稳定。结论 ( 1)上颌侧切牙为牙列中最不稳定的牙齿 ;( 2 )牙齿形态、大小、数目异常可能是一个连续的变异过程 。

Objective To investigate the relationship among anodontia, anomalously shaped teeth and reduction of teeth crown.Methods The position and the number of congenitally absent teeth of 79 patients were analysed, as well as the abnormal morphology of other teeth. The width of the remained teeth was measured and compared with that of normal on base of patients being divided into four groups by the number and the position of agenesis.Results (1) Most of the congenitally absent teeth were upper lateral incisors and lower central incisors. (2) The congenitally absent teeth of upper central incisors, upper and lower first molars were rare. While in several cases, the central incisors were lightly peg shaped. (3) There was no significant difference in teeth size between mild hypodontia groups and normal. As the incremental degree of hypodontia, anterior teeth tended to reduce, while the size of posterior teeth was relatively stable. (4) Upper lateral incisors, lower canines, upper second premolars, upper and lower second molars accounted most in the anomalously shaped teeth which could be often found in patients with hypodontia.Conclusion (1) Upper lateral incisors were most unstable in permanent dentition, and most tended to vary in teeth size, teeth morphology and teeth number during evolution. (2) The developmental anomaly of teeth size, teeth morphology and teeth number might be a procedure of continuous variation and it might be different manifestation of the same mechanism.