摘要
目的了解化工行业工伤事故的分布规律和有关危险因素 ,以便采取相应的预防干预措施。方法对1983～1995年间上海市原化工局所属企业发生的工伤事故进行回顾性流行病学调查 ,建立数据库 ,并统计分析。结果工伤事故季节分布以春季(28.20 %)较多 ,秋季(20.68 %)相对较少 ;周日分布以周五(18.42 %)和周六(18.05 %)最高 ,周日(11.28 %)和周一(11.28 %)最低。事故类别以机械伤害(45.86 %)和高处坠落(24.44 %)为主。工伤事故发生的原因主要是操作工人违反操作规程(49.25 %)和设备工具附件缺陷(13.53 %)。结论工伤事故是由多种因素造成的 ,包括生产设备和防护设备本身的缺陷、劳动环境因素、劳动组织的不合理及劳动者个人因素等等。工伤事故的防制应从加强安全教育。
Objective This study aimed to understand distribution and relevant risk factors of occupational injuries in enterprises belong to Shanghai Bureau of chemical industry so as to take countermeasure as early as possible. Methods To carry out the retrospective epidemiological investigation on the occupational injuries occurred during 1983～1995, by looking up and collecting the archived registry files and then building database. Results Occupational injuries took place more in spring (28.20%) and less in autumn (20.68%). And they occurred most in friday (18.42%) and saturday (18.05%). Injuries caused by machine (45.86%), falls (24.44%) were most important types of accident. Occupational injuries mostly result from the violation of operation regulations (49.25%) and defects of equipment or their protective attachments (13.53%). Conclusion Occupational injuries were caused by multiple factors including defects of equipment and protective device, work environmental factors, unreasonable organization of work, personal factors, and so on. The prevention and control should require a comprehensive approach which includes safety training,improvement of equipment and modification of work environment, etc.
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2002年第1期8-11,共4页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
