吉林省主要耕作土壤中结合态腐殖质组成特征的研究

A Study on the Composition Characters of Combined Humus in Cultivated Soils of Jilin Province

通过化学分析方法研究了吉林省主要耕作土壤白浆土、黑土、黑钙土的结合态腐殖质的组成特征。结果表明 :3种土壤中有机质有 72 %～ 95 %以结合态形式存在 ;土壤结合态腐殖质相对含量和组成因土类的不同而异 ,其中黑土相对含量最高 ,黑钙土最低 ;结合态腐殖质组成 (胡敏酸 /富里酸 :HA/FA)呈现地带性分布特征 ,即由中部向西部和东部呈递减的趋势 ;土壤中腐殖质均以松结合态为主。白浆土、黑土、黑钙土下层(2 0～ 4 0cm)土壤结合态腐殖质的相对含量和HA/FA均高于上层 (0～ 2 0cm )。随土壤粒径的增大 ,3种土壤的结合态腐殖质都呈规律性的变化 ,其中白浆土结合态腐殖质相对含量增加 ,而黑土和黑钙土相对含量减少。随土壤肥力水平的提高 ,白浆土、黑土结合态腐殖质相对含量增加 ,其中黑土 3种结合态腐殖质的相对含量变化均呈规律性 ,松结合态、紧结合态腐殖质相对含量随肥力水平提高而增加 ,而稳结合态的腐殖质相对含量则相反 ;黑钙土只有紧结合态腐殖质相对含量随肥力水平的提高而降低。

By means of a chemical method, the composition characters of combined humus of cultivated soils in Jilin province were studied. The results showed that in three types of soils tested, 72%～95% of the organic matter was combined humus; the relative contents of combined humus were different in different types of soils, highest in Phaeozem and lowest in Chernozem; and combined humus in different types of soils all existed in a chiefly loose state. The relative content and HA/FA of combined humus of down layer soil (20～40 cm) were all higher than those of up layer soil (0～20 cm) in Ablic, Phaeozem and Chernozem. The relative contents of combined humus all changed in regularity with the increase of soil grain size. Under this condition, relative contents in Ablic increased, but in Phaeozem and Chernozem they decreased. The total relative contents of combined humus in Ablic, Phaeozem and Chernozem increased with the increase of fertility level. Under this condition, relative contents of three combined humus in Phaeozem all changed in regularity. The loosely combined humus and the tight combined humus increased with the increase of fertility level, but the stably combined humus took on the opposite changing state. The relative content of tight combined humus in Chernozem only decreased with the increase of fertility level while HA/FA all increased with the increase of fertility level.