群体反应性抗体技术及HLA配型在1700例肾移植中的应用研究

Panel reactive antibody screening and human leukocyte antigen typing in 1700 cases of renal transplantation

目的探讨群体反应性抗体(panel reactive antibody,PRA)、HLA配型技术对肾移植近远期的效果.方法对拟行肾移植的患者运用PRA检测、HLA组织配型,要求HLA抗原3～6个位点相合,PRA阳性(20%以上)给予3～5次血浆置换,共1 700例作为第一组,未采用PRA、HLA组织配型的423例患者为第二组.观察两组肾移植术后免疫指标变化,近期急性排斥反应发生率以及HLA-A、B、DR位点对长期存活的影响.结果第一组肾移植术后环孢素A(cyclosporineA,CsA)用量减至5～7mg@kg-1@d-1,移植肾功能恢复时间2～16d,平均5 d,均未发生超急性排斥反应,发生急性排斥反应252例(14.8%),1年人/肾存活率高达98.6%/96.7%,3年人/肾存活率93.1%/87.3%,5年人/肾存活率88.1%/83.6%.第二组肾移植术后CsA用量8～12mg@kg-1@d-1,移植肾功能恢复时间4～30d,平均13 d,发生超急性排斥反应者9例(2.1%),急性排斥反应198例(46.8%),1年人/肾存活率86.7%/76.3%,3年人/肾存活率72.5%/67.9%,5年人/肾存活率69.5%/59.3%.结论PRA阴性加良好的HLA配型可杜绝超急性排斥反应的发生,降低急性排斥反应发生率,提高人/肾长期存活率.

Objective To evaluate the role of panel reactive antibody (PRA) screening and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing in renal transplantation. Methods PRA screening and HLA typing were performed in1 700 patients eligible for the first group of renal transplantation who had 3 to 6 HLA matches in HLA-A, B and DR with the donor, and in cases positive for PRA, plasma exchange was conducted. Another 423 patients who did not receive PRA screening or HLA typing constituted the second group. The changes of immune variables, incidences of acute rejection and the effect of HLA-A, B, DR matching on long-term graft survival were observed. Results In 1 700 cases of group 1, post-transplantation CsA dose was reduced to 5 to 7 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 and the graft function recovery time ranged from 2 to 16 d, averaging 5 d. Acute graft rejection occurred in 252 (14.8%) cases, but no hyper-acute rejection was observed. The 1-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rates were 98.6%/96.7%, 93.1%/87.3% and 88.1%/83.6% respectively. In group 2, CsA dose ranged from 8 to 12 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 and the graft function recovery time was 4 to 30 d, averaging 13 d. Hyper-acute rejection occurred in 9 (2.1%) and acute rejection in 198 (46.8%) cases, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rates were 86.7%/76.3%, 72.5%/67.9% and 69.5%/59.3% respectively. Conclusions Negative PRA and good HLA matching can eliminate the incidences of hyper-acute rejection, decrease the rate of acute rejection and improve both patient and graft survival rates.