当代西方学者关于民主产生条件的研究

Contemporary Western Studies on Conditions of Democracy

20世纪六、七十年代 ,西方学者在关于民主产生条件的问题上先后出现的有代表性的研究途径有三种 :现代化研究途径、结构研究途径、转型研究途径。 2 0世纪 80年代以来到 90年代末 ,多数学者采用综合多种因素的研究途径 ,这种研究途径遭到了采用进化论研究途径的塔图·温汉南的反对。

Three approaches to conditions of democracy appeared during the 1960s and 1970s i.e. the modernization approach, the structural approach and the transitional approach. From the 1980s until the end of 1990s, the majority of scholars, who held that no single factor alone can result in the birth of democracy, began to employ synthetic approach which took various factors into consideration. This approach was criticized by Tatu Vanhanen, an advocate of the evolutionary approach. The paper introduces these different approaches and makes comments on their respective conclusions.