南黄大麦的研究进展

RESEARCH ON NANCHONG YELLOWISH BARLEY

南黄大麦系早熟三号经辐射选育的一种浅黄色叶的大麦。其生长发育缓慢,植株矮,叶色前期浅黄。除剑叶、倒二叶外,其余叶的长、宽都比较短小;穗长、结实数和结实率少等都达到显著和极显著水平。南黄大麦核型正常。小孢子母细胞减数分裂基本正常,但有畸变,如染色体断片、游离染色体、染色体桥、微核、多核等,从而产生多分孢子、微小孢子等叶片各个时期的组织学正常,而叶细胞的超微结构远不及绿色叶片发达,基粒片层少,并明显地有一个发展的过程。浅黄色叶的色素含量少,而且叶绿体色素与类胡萝卜素之间的正常比例发生了明显的变化,前期为1.2:1.叶片经红外光谱分析,与绿叶相较,-OH,-CH_3,-CO等基团的吸收峰的强度相似,而-CH_3的吸收峰差别大,这也与类胡萝卜素的增多有关。南黄大麦经正反交遗传实验,F_1代叶色性状均表现母本性状,故为细胞质遗传。同时黄化大麦的自交后代中能分离出绿色植株,也是旁证。故南黄大麦是一个典型的细胞质遗传的好材料。

Nanchong yellowish barley comes as a result of selection from radiation of early riping No.3 of the original species. The barley′s stem is short with its leaves light yellow, growth slow and leaves getting light yellow in the early stage. The width and lenght of the rest leaves are shorter except the leaf but last and the flag leaf. The spike′s length and the lower seed set number and setting percentage have reached a marked or more marked level. The karyotype of Nanchong yellowish barley is normal and the meiosis of microsporooyte is normal, too. But there are chromosomal aberrations, such as chromosome fragment, dissociated chromosome, chromosomal bridge, microkaryon, multikaryon, etc. , which lead to multimolecularspore, microspore etc. The histology of the leaves in different periods is normal but the ultrastructure of the leaf cell′s is not so developed as that of the green leaves. The stroma lamellas are fewer and obviously there is a development process. The pigment content of the light yellowleaf is less. The propertion between chlorophyll and carotenoid has obviously changed with 1·2:1 in the preperiod. The intensity of the absorption peaks of -OH, -CH_2,-CO etc in the yellow leaf is similar to that in the green leaf htrough the analysis of infrared spectrum. But the absorption peak of-CH_3 is different from that of the green leaf, which is related to the increase of carotenoid. Nanchong yellowish barley′s reciprocal cross experiments showed that the leaf character of F is the same as the maternal ones. So it is due to cytoplasm heredity. Meanwhile, sperating the green barley from the next generation of Nanchong yellowish barley also proves this point. So the barley is a typical material for studying the cytolasm heredity.