无限互溶的水——非电解质体系的盐效应

THE SALT EFFECT ON THE COMPLETELY MISCIBLE NONELECTROLYTE-WATER SYSTEM

本文经过对Setschenow的盐效应公式1g(S°/S)=KC_s的分析及对文献数据的处理,计算得出:该公式亦适用于无限互溶的水——非电解质体系。并得出了一些体系的盐效应常数。对于用逸度概念表达的盐效应公式1g(f/f°)=k_sC_s与前者的异同本文进行了讨论,指出了后者在应用中所受到的限制及其原因。

The experiential equation of salt effect on the solubility of nonelectrolyte in water, lg(S/S) =KC_s which was suggested by Setschenow in 1889,has only been applied to the nonelectrolyte aqueous with low solubility for many years. But for the high solubility or completely miscible nonelectrolyte aqueouses, we use another equation, lg(f/f°) =k_sC_s, which is similar to Setschenow's equation in form, but different in meaning. In this paper,through proper inferences and recalculations on the basis of many literatures, it is indicated that Setschenow's experiential equation is applicable to the salt effect on nonelectrolyte-water systems which are completely miscible. In addition, we have analysed the similarities and differences between the two equations mentioned above and pointed out the restriction of the latter equation.