赣早籼47号亲本空间诱变的性状变异研究

Studies on Character Variation of Parent of"Ganzaoxian 47"by Space Mutation.

目的将穗小粒轻、抗病性差的迟熟早籼“86 70选系” ,经空间诱变培育成新品种。方法将其干种子搭载返回式卫星 ,返地种植 ,观察SP1 代～SP9代的性状表现和遗传变异情况。结果由于空间条件的综合诱变作用 ,其后代产生多样性、多向性的性状分离变异 ,并遗传重现于后代 ;从中选择早熟突变体 ,定向培育而成赣早籼 47号 ,其农艺、经济性状全面优于亲本 ,比亲本每穗实粒数增加 37.9% ,千粒重提高 5 .3% ,产量增加 2 2 .5 % ,而生育期却缩短了 1 4d ,对稻瘟病等抗性明显增强 ,出现了明显的超亲遗传。结论本研究为返回式卫星搭载处理的空间诱变育种提供了一个新的佐证 ,表明它是农作物育种的一条有效新途径。

Objective To breed a new variety from '86 70 selective line'--a late maturing early indica rice variety with small spike, light grain and weak disease resistance by space mutation. Method Dry seeds of'86 70 selective line'were carried by recoverable satellite, to a near earth orbit and sowed and planted on the earth after recovery, heritance and variation of the characters of SP 1～SP 9 generation were observed. Result Because of comprehensive space mutation, the characters of their progenies were segregated and varied in many aspects and directions,and the segregated and varied characters were found to be heritable; by selecting early maturing mutants from these progenies and cultivating them directionally, a new rice variety'Ganzaoxian 47'was bred. In comparison with its parent, 'Ganzaoxian 47'had superior agronomic and economic characters, significantly strong resistance to rice blast and so on, its filled grains per spile, kilo grain weight and yield were increased by 37.9%, 5.3% and 22.5% respectively, but its growth and developmental duration were shortened by 14 d. Conclusion This study provided a new demonstration for space mutation breeding by recoverable satellite,and indicated that space mutation was an effective and new approach to agricultural crops breeding.