美学建设:以人为本位的逻辑展开

Aesthetics Development: Logics from the Human-orientated Perspective

当代美学的发展吁求以人为本位 ,对审美活动作一以贯之的系统阐释。美是一种意象 ,是第一世界的具体事物状貌与第三世界的相关文化观念在第二世界 (心灵 )中融汇而孕育出的体现人类生存完满性的形象。美的本体结构吻合人类的心灵结构 ,是具有三层面、两系列的多面体。形式美、科学美、道德美、宗教美等各自展现了美的不同维面 ,壮美、弱美、丑则是美的本体结构的变异。悲剧、喜剧、荒诞等属于复合形态。审美感是审美活动中主体的心灵状态与心路历程 ,它是其它各类情感冲动的平衡与中和 ,一般经历悦耳悦目、悦心悦意、悦神悦志三境层。如果说趣味、标准、理想一道构成主体的审美判断系统 ,那么 ,感知、理解、想象则构成主体的审美能力系统。审美复归人的全部本质 。

The development of present-day aesthetics requires that aesthetic activities be interpreted coherently and systematically from a human-orientated perspective. As an image, beauty is generated in the second world with the convergence of the perceptual elements from the first world and the rational elements from the third world. It embodies the perfection of human's existence. The essential structure of beauty ,which is a polyhedron containing three levels and two ranges, is in accordance with human's spiritual structure. Beauties of shape, of science, of morality and of religion etc. present respectively each aspect of beauty. Meanwhile, sublime beauty, weak beauty and ugliness are the variation of essential structure of beauty. Tragic, comedy and the absurd etc. are the integrated forms of beauty. Aesthetic feeling is a spiritual state and progress of aesthetic subject and the balance and compromise between other colliding emotions. By and large, it contains three levels: be pleasant to ears and eyes, to the heart and head, and to the spirit and soul. If taste, standard and idea make up the aesthetic judgement system of subject, then perception, understanding and imagination comprise the aesthetic ability system . The appreciation of beauty can revive the human nature as well as promote the moulding of the perfect human dignity.