论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容

On the basic concepts and contents of ecological security.

安全是风险的反函数 ,通常指评价对象对于期望值状态的保障程度 ,或防止非理想的不确定性事件发生的可靠性 .生态安全可定义为人类在生产、生活与健康等方面不受生态破坏与环境污染等影响的保障程度 ,包括饮用水与食物安全、空气质量与绿色环境等基本要素 .生态安全研究的主要内容包括生态系统健康诊断、区域生态风险分析、景观安全格局、生态安全监测与预警以及生态安全管理、保障等方面 .区域生态安全研究具有宏观性和针对性的特点 ,评价标准则具有相对性和发展性 ,生态安全预警与设计要针对某一生态问题体现人类活动的能动性 .最后 ,以干旱内流区为例 。

Security is the inverse function of risk,generally regarded as safeguard degree expectation state of assessment object, or reliability of prevent imperfect and uncertainty event to happen.Ecological security can defined as mankind's ensure degree un effected by ecological destroy and environmental pollution in yield,living and health,including basic element of water and food security,air quality and green environment. The mostly content of ecological security consists of ecological health diagnosis,regional ecological risk analysis,landscape security pattern,ecological security monitoring and prediction,and ecological security management and guarantee etc. Study on regional ecological security has characteristics of macro scope and pertinence,assessment criterion of relativity and expansibility. Ecological security prediction and design should embody the capability of human activity. At last,authors discuss the measures of the ecological security ensure of inland watershed and ecological security analysis of oasis landscape.