两春小麦品种竞争能力、水分利用效率及产量关系的研究

A study on the relationship of competitive ability,water using efficiency and yield of two spring wheat varieties

用盆栽方法测定了 2个春小麦品种—地方品种和尚头与现代品种陇春 - 82 75在 5个土壤水分梯度下 ,单、混播时的水分消耗、水分利用效率、竞争能力和籽实产量。单播条件下 ,在极低水分条件下 (1 2 % ) ,和尚头有相对较高的产量 ,在水分条件较好时陇春 - 82 75有较高的产量 ;在保持各水分处理条件下 ,地方品种和尚头较之现代品种陇春 - 82 75消耗更多的水分 ,水分利用效率较低。混播条件下 ,和尚头有较高生物量、籽实产量及较强的竞争能力 ,竞争优势不受土壤水分的影响 ,其表现为高个体生物量品种较之低个体生物量品种消耗更多的水分 ,陇春 - 82 75受到强烈的抑制 ,消耗较少的水分及较低的籽实产量。表明进化选择的是竞争能力 ,而非单播下的产量表现。可以预见 。

Pot experimental method was used to measure water used,water using efficiency,competitive ability and seed yield of two spring wheat varieties-the landrace Monkhead and modern variety Longchun-8275 under five soil water levels both in monoculture and in mixture.In monoculture,the yield of Monkhead is higher than Longchun-8275 with lowest water level maintaining,in contrast,Longchun-8275 is higher than landrace Monkhead under moderate water levels.Monkhead used more water than Longchun-8275 at all water levels;in the meanwhile,Longchun-8275 has a higher water use efficiency and harvest index than Monkhead in monoculture.In mixture,Monkhead is more competitive than Longchun-8275 due to its more individual biomass and seed production.The results showed that water use efficiency and competitive ability should be considered together during the process of wheat breeding in agriculture.