铝—空气电池的开发与应用

Advances in Development and Applications of Aluminum-air Batteries

综合评述了近年来铝 -空气电池研究和应用的新进展。金属铝是一种强度很高的能量载体 ,是开发电池的理想电极材料。铝一直没有成功地应用于电化学能量储存和转换技术 ,是由于金属铝表面有一层保护膜 ,导致电极电位显著低于理论值且电压行为明显滞后 ,而在活化状态下铝的抗腐蚀性下降。这些问题限制了铝电池的早期开发应用。近年来通过开发各种新型的铝电极及相应电解质的添加剂 ,铝电池的研究取得了突破性的进展 。

Aluminum has long attracted attention as a potential battery anode because of its high theoretical voltage and specific energy. The protective oxide layer of aluminum is however detrimental to the battery performance, contributing to failure to achieve the reversible potential and causing the delayed activation of anode. The oxide layer can be removed by e.g. amalgamation but this will result in accelerated corrosion and poor shelf life. These and other difficults have long delayed the early development of aluminum batteries and in the recent years been successfully overcome by developing alloying elements and electrolyte additives. Various aluminum batteries, especially aluminum-air batteries, have been developed for a wide range of applications from emergency power supplies, reserve batteries, field portable batteries, to batteries for electric vehicles and underwater propulsion.