五类残疾儿童现患调查与康复需求分析

State investigation and recovery analysis of five-category handicapped children

目的 :了解儿童残疾的发生率、致残原因及康复需求。方法 :采用整群随机抽样调查的方法 ,对5000名0～6岁儿童进行听力、视力、肢体、智力及精神5方面的调查。统一培训调查人员。调查结果经统计学处理分析。结果 :五类残疾儿童共59人 ,单残43人 ,混合残16人 ,残疾发生率为1.18%。残疾顺位为智力63.16%、肢体18.42 %、听力7.89%、精神6.58%、视力3.95%。致残原因孕期和产时因素50.8 %、原因不明28.8 %、遗传及先天性疾病因素8.2%、小婴儿时生病12 %,偶有意外伤害。59名残疾儿童仅有21例采取不同程度康复措施。结论 :加强围产期保健 ,对具有高危因素的婴儿实行监控和早期干预 ,开展残疾儿童康复服务 ,是减少和预防残疾儿童的发生率 ,降低残疾程度提高人口素质的关键。

Objective: To find out about the incidence, cause and recovery needs of handicapped children.Methods: To study 5 000 children aged 0～6 in audition, vision, limbs, intelligence and mind.Investigators were collectively trained.Results: Five categories of handicapped children total 59. Individual handicaps are 43,multiple handicaps 16, incidence 1.18%. Handicap order is intelligence 63.16%, limbs 18.42%, audition 7.89%, mind 6.58%, vision 3.95%. Cause in pregnancy and delivery amount to 50.8%, unknown causes 28.8%, genetic causes and innate diseases 8.2%,baby incidence 12%, and a very few accidental causes. Of the 59 children, only 21 have sought different means of recovery. Conclusion: To intensify health care in perinatal period, to monitor and early interfere with high-risk babies, to offer recovery service are of key importance in reducing and preventing incidence of handicapped children, lowering handicap degree and improving the population quality.