电动汽车锂离子动力电池系统的研制

Development of lithium-ion battery power system for electric vehicle

锂离子蓄电池是一种在 2 0世纪 90年代初发展起来的先进蓄电池 ,它具有电压高、比能量大、寿命长及无记忆效应等特点。 1991年以来 ,2Ah容量以下的电池在移动电话、笔记本电脑和 8mm摄像机上获得广泛应用 ,其电性能和安全性能已被用户所接受。国际上于 1995年开始对大容量锂离子蓄电池进行研究 ,容量一般在 40～ 10 0Ah范围内 ,其主要目标是希望在航天、电动汽车及贮能设备中作为电源。目前电子十八研究所已经研制成功由 84只 5 5Ah圆柱形电池串联构成的电动汽车用电池组。该电池组和由清华大学研制成功的电池管理系统及充电器组成的动力电源系统也已完成地面联试 ,其总比能量达 10 3Wh/kg ,最大输出功率约为 5 0kW。与二汽东风汽车研究所合作的车载试验将于 2 0 0 1年12月完成。

Lithium ion battery is one of the most advanced batteries developed in early 1990s, it features high voltage, high specific energy, long cycle life and no memory effect. Since 1991, the commercialized lithium ion battery with the capacity of not more than 2 Ah has been widely used in mobile telephone, notebook computer and 8 mm camcorder, and its electrical performances and reliability characteristics have been accepted by user. Since 1995, the lithium ion battery with higher capacity (e.g.40 Ah to 100 Ah) has been developed as power source in space equipment, electric vehicle (EV) and energy storage devices. Recently, an EV battery consisting of 84 cylindrical cells with 55 Ah capacity each in series was successfully developed in Tianjin Institute of Power Source (TIPS). The joint test of the battery with the battery management unit (BMU) and battery equalizing charger (BEC) made by Tsinghua University was finished. The results show that its total specific energy is 103 Wh/kg, and its maximum output power is about 50 kW. The practice EV test of the power system was carried out in Nov.2001 in cooperation with Dongfeng Motor Institute of China Second Motor Corporation.