氧电极催化剂研究

Study on catalysts for oxygen electrode

寻找廉价、高效的催化剂是氧电极催化剂研究的主要方向 ,氧电极催化剂主要有铂及铂合金、银、金属螯合物、金属氧化物 (如锰氧化物、钙钛石型氧化物等 )等几个系列。其中贵金属作催化剂的成本较高 ,金属螯合物可用的品种较少 ,锰氧化物的催化性能有限 ,钙钛石型氧化物可以对组分原子化合价位进行控制 ,催化活性多样 ,其主要成分来自于储量丰富的稀土原料 ,价格较低 ,是理想的氧电极催化剂材料。概述了以上具有代表性的催化剂的研制和应用状况 ,认为钙钛石型氧化物具有很大发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。

Seeking the catalyst with low cost and high efficiency for oxygen electrode is an important trend. At present, the major catalysts for oxygen electrode are Pt and Pt alloy, silver, metal chelate and metal oxide(e.g. manganese oxide, spinel type oxide, pyrochlore type oxide, perovskite type oxide). The Pt/Pt alloy is expensive, the available type of metal chelate is few and the catalytic activity of manganese oxide is limited. However, the pyrochlore type oxide is an idle catalyst material for oxide electrode. It shows various catalytic activities due to the property of controllable component atom valence, and its cost is low because its major composition is from rare earth. The state of arts of research and application of the above catalysts are reviewed and the pyrochlore type oxide is considered to be the promising catalyst material with large developing potential and broad application prospect.