母乳中二十二碳六烯酸及花生四烯酸含量的观察

DHA and AA Contents in Breast Milk

目的 观察不同地区母乳中脂肪酸成分的差别。 方法 采用石英毛细管柱气相色谱法 ,对三个地区的 10 9例健康产妇母乳中脂肪酸成分进行了测定 ,其中上海市区 2 7例 ,上海郊区 (崇明县 ) 15例 ,浙江省舟山群岛 6 7例。 结果 上海市区产妇成熟母乳中亚油酸 (L A)和α-亚麻酸(L NA)的含量分别为 (2 9± 6 ) %和 (2 .8± 0 .7) % ,均显著高于郊区产妇母乳中 L A [(2 0± 3) % ]和L NA [(2 .7± 0 .8) % ]的含量 ,也显著高于浙江舟山地区母乳中 L A [(2 0± 3) % ]和 L NA [(2 .5±0 .6 ) % ]的含量。浙江舟山地区母乳中二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA )的含量 [(0 .6 7± 0 .2 1) % ]显著高于上海市区母乳中 DHA的含量 [(0 .5 1± 0 .2 5 ) % ,P<0 .0 1],也显著高于上海郊区母乳中 DHA的含量[(0 .42± 0 .16 ) % ,P<0 .0 1]。初乳中花生四烯酸 (AA)和 DHA的含量 ,显著高于成熟乳中的含量。 结论 舟山群岛居民由于膳食中鱼和海产食物较多 ,故母乳中 DHA的含量较高。初乳中含有较高的AA和 DHA。

Objective In order to know the fatty acid content of breast milk in different regions of China. Methods The fatty acid composition of breast milk from 109 lactating women in three regions was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. Twenty-seven milk samples were obtained from Shanghai urban, 15 samples from Shanghai suburb(Chongming county) and 67 samples from Zhoushan island of Zhejiang province. Results The contents of linoleic acid(LA) and α-linolenic acid(LNA) in the mature breast milk from Shanghai urban women were (29±6)% and (2.8±0.7)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that from Shanghai suburb women[LA, (20±3)% and LNA,(2.7±0.8)%] and Zhoushan island women[(20±3)% and (2.5± 0.6)%], whereasthe DHA content of the breast milk from Zhoushan women was (0.61±0.21)%, which was significantly higher than that from Shanghai urban women[(0.51±0.25)%, P<0.01] and Shanghai suburb women[(0.42±0.16), P<0.01]. The contents of arachidonic acid(AA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) in colostrum were significantly higher than that in mature breast milk. Conclusion The study show that the difference of fatty acid composition of breast milk may be due to different diet habits of different countries and regions. Higher levels of LA and LNA of breast milk in our study may be related to a large proportion of vegetarian diet of lactating women in our country. More fish and seafood intake by Zhoushan island women may account for the relatively higher DHA level in their milk. Higher levels of AA and DHA in colostrum are much beneficial to the growth and development of newborn infants.