浅析中美油品零售管理

An Analysis of Oil Products Retail Management in China and the USA

美国的油品供应链与中国相比非常高效。同时,复杂的下游供应链所有者结构,阻碍了油品集散过程的优化。中国正处在一个有利的位置,有机会了解和吸取发达国家的经验和教训。中国车用油品消费量是美国车用油品消费量的1/8,但是增长非常迅速。中国目前约有3000座油库,这一数字是美国油库数的2.3倍,而加油站平均单站油品销售量仅为美国的1/10,因此油品零售效率亟待进一步提高。在物流管理上,中国从油库、车队到加油站,整个供应链是单一的所有者,容易实施整体油品配送。另外,在技术装备方面,目前中国的加油站技术条件有限甚至完全没有技术设施基础,因此具有独一无二的标准化机会,可以学习并直接跃入最佳的模式,易于实现设备的标准化。

The chain of oil products supply in the United States is more highly effective as compared with China. However, the complicated structure of owners for the downstream supply chain has impaired optimization of the process for the concentration and distribution of oil products. Currently, China is favorably positioned to draw from the experiences and lessons of developed countries. China's consumption of vehicle fuel is one-eighth of that in the United States, but is experiencing a rapid growth. China has about 3000 fuel tank fields at the present, 2.3 times the figure in the United States, but the average oil products turnover of single service station is only one-tenth of that in the United States. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the retail efficiency of oil products. In terms of material flow management, the supply chain from oil tank depots, transportation vehicles and service stations represent the singular owner in China. It is easy to plan the distribution of oil products. As for technology and equipment, technical conditions of China's service stations are limited. Some even have no infrastructure for technology. Therefore, the country has a unique opportunity to standardize service stations and to adopt advanced patterns.