磺基琥珀酸二己酯钠盐合成工艺与结构的关系

Study on the relationships between hexyl structures and processing conditions of preparing dihexyl sulfosuccinate

采用控制酯化率和非外加相转移催化剂在敞开体系催化磺化反应的方法合成了两种不同己基的阴离子表面活性剂磺基琥珀酸双 (2 -甲基戊基 )酯钠盐和磺基琥珀酸双 (4 -甲基 -2戊基 )酯钠盐。对由 4种己醇 (正己醇 ,2 -甲基戊醇、 2 -乙基戊醇和 4-甲基 -2戊醇 )来合成磺基琥珀酸双酯钠盐的最佳工艺条件与己基结构的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :随己基上支链程度的增加 ,13 0℃时 ,酯化反应达到 95 %酯化率时己醇的过用量从 10 %增加到了 2 0 % ;反应时间从 1 5h增加到 2 2 5h。同样地随己基上支链程度的增加 ,中间产物马来酸双酯的磺化反应温度从 12 0℃增加到 14 0℃ ,磺化剂亚硫酸氢钠过用量从 5 %增加到10 % ,反应时间从 2 0h变为 3 5h。从酯化反应中进攻试剂的空间位阻对酯化反应历程和磺化反应中相转移催化剂的乳化、渗透能力对反应的影响方面解释了上述己基结构与反应性的关系。

Two kinds of anionic surfactant,sodium bis(2-methylpentyl)sulfosuccinate and sodium bis(4-methyl-2-pentyl)sulfosuccinate were synthesized by using the methode of controlling esterification rate and the method of carring out sulfonation reaction in unclosed system and without any extra phase transfer catalyst(PTC).The relationships between the hexyl structures and the optimum conditions of preparing four kinds of sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate from n-hexanol,2-methylpentanol,2-ethylbutanol and 4-methyl-2-pentanol respectively were studied in detail.The results showed:with the increase of the branch-numbers and -volume in a bexanol,the excessive amount of the hexanol increased from 10 % to 20 % and esterification time from 1 5 h to 2 25 h for reaching to 95 % estcerification rate in a certain temperature( 130 ℃ ).Similarly,with the increace of the branch-numbers and -volume in a hexanol,the excessive amount of sulfonating agent sudium hydrosulfonite increased from 5 % to 10 % ,the sulfonation time from 2 0 h to 3 5 h,and the medium temperature for sulfonation of intermediates from 120 ℃ to 140 ℃ .The mechanism of above relationships between the structures of hexanol derivatives and their reativities were explained by the space effectivity of hexanol branches in esterification reaction and the emulsifying abilities of intermediate and products with different bexyl branches as phase transfer catalysts in sulfonation reaction.