鲨鱼皮仿生结构应用及制造技术综述

Review on application and fabrication of shark skin bionic structure

鲨鱼体表的盾鳞沟槽结构具有显著的减阻效果。鲨鱼仿生沟槽结构的应用涉及航空、舰艇、汽车、管路运输、风力发电等领域。鲨鱼皮沟槽结构的仿生制造主要有两个途径,即沟槽结构形式与鲨鱼盾鳞仿真结构形式。文章针对沟槽结构的微槽滚压、金刚石多轮廓磨削、飞秒激光烧蚀等制造技术,及鲨鱼盾鳞仿真结构的微压印法、固化法、微电铸法、微纳米滚压法、软刻技术等进行了综述,并对鲨鱼皮仿生结构制造技术进行了展望。

The riblet structure of shark skin is proved to significantly effect drag reduction . The bionic riblet structure is widely applied in industry ,such as aviation ,naval vessels ,automotives ,pipe transportation and wind power generation . The fabrication of the bionic riblet structures focuses on two styles ：simplified riblet structure and shark placoid scales directly replication . As to the former style ,the typical technologies of micro-riblet rolling ,diamond profile grinding ,femtosecond laser ablation are reviewed . And the technologies of micro-thermal pressing ,solidification ,micro-casting ,mirco/nano-rolling and soft lithography are also reviewed for the latter style . Finally ,the suggestions on the riblet structure fabricating are presented .