山区连作烟地添加有机物料对烟叶产质量和土壤改良的效应研究

Effects of Organic Materials on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves and Soil Improvement in Mountainous Regions

针对烟草连作障碍及植烟土有机质缺乏问题,在烤烟连作烟田,通过在烟草移栽之前的空闲季节种植早熟油菜、苕子等绿肥作物还田,和在烟草栽植前的翻地起垄时直接添加油菜籽饼粕、玉米秸秆物料等方式来添加有机物料,研究其对烟株生长、烟叶产质量和植烟土壤改良的效应。试验结果表明,菜籽饼粕处理和苕子处理烟叶的上中等烟率分别提高6.96%和5.95%,单位面积产量分别提高5.02%和3.94%,单位面积产值分别提高13.31%和11.78%;同时,有机物料的添加也能使植烟土壤有机质含量累积,使土壤PH值、含氮量、含磷量和含钾量都有所提高,其中,施用菜籽饼粕处理的效果最好,能显著地提高土壤有机质含量,改善烟叶的农艺性状、经济性状和化学品质,证实施用菜籽饼粕是一种理想的有机物料添加方式,对烟叶的可持续生产具有重要应用价值。

To eliminate the obstacles for continuous tobacco cropping and the lack of organic materials in tobacco cropping soil,the test of adding organic materials to soil in continuous tobacco cropping field was conducted to study the effects of organic materials on the growth of tobacco plant,the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and the improvement of soil.The treatments included planting and ploughing green manure crops such as early-maturing rape and common vetch for returning to the field before tobacco transplanting and directly adding organic materials such as rapeseed cake and corn straw during plowing of the soil before tobacco transplanting.The results showed that the treatment by rapeseed cake and common vetch could improve the yield of first-and-medium-class tobacco leaves by 6.96 % and 5.95 %,respectively,improve the yield per unit area by 5.02 % and 5.95 %,respectively,and improve the output value per unit area by 13.31% and 11.78 %,respectively.Moreover,after adding organic materials,the organic matter content in the soil,the pH value of the soil,as well as the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in the soil are all increased.Among the treatments,the use of rapeseed cake had the best effect on the improvement of soil,which can not only significantly improve tbe content of organic matter in the soil,but also improve the agronomic characters,economic characters and chemical quality of tobacco.It was suggested that the use of rapeseed cake was an ideal way to add organic materials,which showed important application value for sustainable production of tobacco.