节能型无线传感器网络在森林环境监测中的应用

Applying energy-saving wireless sensor network for forest environmental monitoring

根据森林环境监测数据变化率相对较慢、数据冗余度较高,监测期间突发事件(如降雨、火灾)又有快速突变等特点,结合无线传感器网络在森林环境监测中的试验,从系统架设、传感器采样周期、基于系统休眠的自适应网络路由算法等方面分析了长期有效采集环境数据的系统结构,实时捕捉环境因子变化的方法;研究了网络节能、延长系统生命周期的方法;提出了采用变周期自适应采样法解决长期休眠丢失有效信息的方法,设计出一种结合系统休眠和分簇算法的自适应动态路由(SDRP)。系统实测结果表明,与常规森林资源与环境监测技术相比,节能型无线传感器网络不仅在时间和空间上提高了环境数据采集深度,同时提升了系统对环境因子变化的响应速度。此外,采用结合系统休眠的变周期采样技术以及针对系统节能的自适应动态路由都可有效降低系统能耗,维持系统工作的稳定性与数据的可靠性,适合森林环境监测。

The data characteristics of forest environmental surveillance include a relatively slow changing rate over a long time period,high data redundancy and a sharp change following emergencies such as fire and rainfall. In partnership with the trials of wireless sensor network in forests,a long-term and effective system configuration was analyzed in terms of system architecture,sampling cycle of sensors and system hibernation based adaptive routing algorithm to capture changes in environmental variables in real time manner. Besides,network energy saving and system life-time prolonging were also examined. An adaptive sampling method with changing sampling cycles was proposed to address the issues of losing effective information due to long-term hibernation,and a self-adaptive dynamic routing by integrating system hibernation and clustering algorithm was also examined in the work. Results showed that compared with the conventional methods for monitoring forest resources and environmental parameters,the approaches presented here not only improve the depth of environmental data capture in temporal and spatial domains,but also elevate the speed of the system responds to changes in environmental variables. Apart from this,the proposed approaches and systems are energy-saving,and can maintain the operational stability and reliability,which are suited to forest environmental monitoring.