景观空间视觉吸引要素量化分析

Quantitative analysis of the visual attraction elements of landscape space

基于人类视觉特征的景观空间视觉吸引要素是景观空间视觉质量评价的基础。以景观空间中视觉吸引要素为研究对象,通过对各种视觉吸引要素的搜集整理,采用问卷调查的方法,对美国西雅图华盛顿大学校区周边207人进行测试,并将所得数据进行统计分析。将普测人群的测试结果结合景观视觉研究领域已有的研究成果,总结归纳出12个景观空间视觉吸引要素,包括:空间尺度和距离、实体、边界、色彩、线条、形体、瞬逝自然景象、植被、质地、水体、动态景象、阳光。通过数据分析发现,各视觉吸引要素量在景观空间中所占比重的不同会给人带来不同的视觉感受。分析认为,景观空间视觉吸引要素的丰富度是景观视觉评价的重要依据,也可为景观美学提供理论依据。

Landscape elements of visual attraction based on human visual characteristics is the basis of landscape space evaluation of visual quality. To define attractive elements of the visual landscape,a collection of elements of various visual attraction was made. Based on a questionnaire approach,207 people were around Seattle-University of Washington campus were tested. In addition,available data was used for statistical analysis and operations using SPSS software. A pure population study on landscape visual test results combined with already existing data in the area of research was performed. In summary,12 elements of landscape space visual attraction were identified as follows; space scale and distance,entity,border,color,line,shape,the instantaneous death of natural scenes,images,texture,water bodies,vegetation dynamics,sunshine.Through data analysis it was found that visual attraction to the proportion of elements in the landscape were different,and would give people different visual feelings. Elements of landscape space visual attraction abundance were an important basis for evaluation of visual landscape and laid the theoretical foundation for studies of landscape aesthetics.