粗大鲵油的精制及其脂肪酸组成分析

Refining and fatty acid composition of crude giant salamander oil

粗大鲵油通过精制可除去其中的一些磷脂、蛋白质、游离脂肪酸和色素等杂质。结果表明:粗大鲵油精制工艺最佳参数为采用40%磷酸,添加量为1%(占油质量),70℃脱胶1 min;采用3%氢氧化钠溶液,添加量为1.5%(占油质量),65℃脱酸30 min;添加1%(占油质量)的活性白土,60℃脱色30 min;85℃下减压蒸馏脱臭30 min。在最佳工艺条件下,所得精制大鲵油澄清透明,略显淡黄色,鱼腥味较轻。对精制后的大鲵油采用气相色谱法共鉴定出25种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量为69.81%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为27.60%,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为22.64%。

The impurities in crude giant salamander oil such as phospholipids, protein, free fatty acid and pigment could be removed through refining process. The results showed that the optimal refining parame-ters of crude giant salamander oil were obtained as follows：dosage of 40% H3 PO4 1% （ based on the oil mass） , degumming for 1 min at 70℃; dosage of 3% NaOH solution 1. 5% （ based on the oil mass） , deacidification for 30 min at 65℃;dosage of activated clay 1% （ based on the oil mass） , bleaching for 30 min at 60℃;reduced pressure deodorization for 30 min at 85℃. Under these conditions,the refined giant salamander oil was clear, transparent and light yellow with little fishlike smell. Twenty-five kinds of fatty acids in refined giant salamander oil were identified by GC. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids （ UFA ） , polyunsaturated fatty acids （ PUFA ） and saturated fatty acids （ SFA ） were 69. 81%, 27. 60% and 22. 64%, respectively.