美国生态环境保护机制及其启示

On Ecological Environmental Protection System of America and Its Enlightenment

美国是环境保护体制较为先进的国家,其生态环境保护法律体系由动物保护法、区域生态保护法、生态安全保护法和全球生态保护法构成,在管理机构上分为联邦层面的生态保护管理机构和州政府层面的生态保护管理机构。美国生态保护的具体措施包括建设生态工业园、运用生态保护的市场机制和生态补贴政策、自然保护区管理以及温室气体排放控制等举措。我国的环境保护工作起步较晚,借鉴美国生态保护管理经验,应当严格执行环境影响评价制度,理清环境监管体制,落实总量控制制度,实施排污权交易,以推进我国生态环境保护工作的开展。

As an advanced country on environmental protection,America builds ecological environmental protection law systems including animal protection act,region environmental protection act,ecological security protection act and global ecological environmental protection act. The ecological environmental protection management organizations in America cover federal ones and state ones. America takes many measures to protect ecological environment such as building eco- industry park,use market mechanism,ecology subsidy policy and nature protection area management,and control greenhouse gas emission. We should learn from what America has done on ecological environmental protection and reform our management systems as follows： executing EIA strictly,straightening out environment supervision system,making control total and emission trading practicable.