桑树种质资源及杂交组合性比调查

Survey on sex ratio of mulberry germplasm resources and hybridized combinations

[目的]调查桑树种质资源及杂交组合性比的规律,为广西桑树育种提供参考.[方法]2011～2012年对收集保存的1000多份桑种质资源及人工授粉组配的165份杂交组合F1代的性比进行田间调查,研究不同材料植株的性比特点.[结果]在199份广西地方品种资源中,雌、雄性植株分别占50.3％、41.7％,雌雄同株占5.0％,6份为不明花性.在474份四倍体桑种质资源中,雌、雄性植株分别占59.3％、31.0％,雌雄同株占8.0％,雌雄同穗1.7％.在173份四倍体杂交F1代材料中,雌、雄性植株分别占42.2％、49.7％,雌雄同株占8.1％.在67份鲁桑、白桑与广东类型桑杂交选育的中间类型桑树种质资源中,雌、雄性植株分别占28.3％、64.2％,雌雄同株占7.5％.2011～2012年对165份杂交组合的调查结果显示,不同杂交组合中雄株占57.7％～58.5％,雌株占39.8％～41.8％,雌雄同株占0.5％～1.7％.广西常规种植的桑树二倍体超高产杂交组合沙2×伦109的雄株比率（约60.0％）明显高于雌株（低于20.0％）,桂桑优12与桂桑优62的雄株比率略高于雌株;桑特优1号、桑特优2号、桑特优3号3个三倍体的雌株比率（高于60.0％）明显高于雄株比率.[结论]不同类型桑树种质资源之间的性比表现不同,同一类型种质资源的性比相对稳定;不同年份组配的同一杂交组合的性比较稳定,不受组配时间和调查年份的明显影响.

[Objective]Sex ratio of mulberry variety resources and hybridized combinations was surveyed to provide references for mulberry breeding.[Method]The sex ratio characteristics were studied using over 1000 mulberry variety resources and 165 hybridized combinations F1 from 2011 to 2012.[Result]Male plants,female plants and monoecious accounted for 50.3％,41.7％ and 5.0％,respectively,and there were 6 unknown-sex plants in 199 Guangxi local variety resources.Male plants and female plants and monoecious accounted for 59.3％,31.0％ and 8.0％ respectively,and the plant of the same flower with male and female accounted for 1.7％ in 474 tetraploid mulberry germplasm resources.Male plant,female plant and monoecious accounted for 42.2％,49.7％ and 8.1％ in 173 tetraploid hybrid F1,respectively.In 67 middle type mulberry varieties which were crossbred of Morus multicaulis,Morusalba and M.atropurpurea,male plants,female plants and monoecious accounted for 28.3％,64.2％ and 7.5％,respectively.According to the investigation from 2011 to 2012,the results showed that male plants accounted for 57.7％-58.5％,the female plants accounted for 39.8％-41.8％,and monoecious accounted for 0.5％-1.7％.The male ratio of Sha 2×Lun109,which was Guangxi normal planting mulberry hybrid combinations （about 60.0％）,was significantly higher than that of females （below 20.0％）.The male ratio was slightly higher than female of Guisangyou 12 and Guisangyou 62.The female ratio （above 60.0％） was obviously higher than male plants of three triploids vzi.,Sangteyou 1,Sangteyou 2 and Sangteyou 3.[Conclusion]There were different ratios between different types of mulberry germplasm resources.The sex ratio of the same type of germplasm resources is relatively stable.The hybrid combinations equipped in different years had relatively stable sex ratio,which were not affected by equipping time or survey year.