钙处理对巨峰葡萄夏果日灼病发生率及品质的影响

Effects of calcium treatment on sunscald incidence and quality in summer fruits of Kyoho grape

[目的]研究钙处理对巨峰葡萄夏果日灼病发生率和果实品质的影响,为广西一年两收葡萄钙素营养调控提供理论依据.[方法]使用不同类型、不同浓度钙化合物,在不同时期对巨峰葡萄夏造果进行叶面或果穗喷施处理,测定各处理夏果果实钙素含量、日灼病发生率、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和可溶性总糖含量.[结果]与清水对照相比,钙处理均能显著降低日灼病发生率,降低幅度为17.9％～25.9％;钙处理均显著增加了果实钙含量,增加幅度为11.6％～24.6％;钙处理均提高了果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和可溶性总糖含量,显著降低了可滴定酸含量.[结论]钙制剂处理能显著降低巨峰葡萄夏果日灼病发生率,增加果实风味和品质,提高果实商品价值.在广西巨峰葡萄夏果生产中,可在幼果膨大期用1.5％的硝酸钙溶液进行喷穗处理,10 d后再处理一次,效果最佳.

[Objective]The effects of calcium treatment on sunscald and quality of Kyoho grape were studied in order to provide references for calcium regulation of double cropping viticulture in Guangxi area.[Method]Different types and concentrations of calcium compound were used in summer fruits by spraying foliar or spike.Content of calcium,the incidence of sunscald,berry hardness,soluble solid,titratable acid and total soluble sugar were measured.[Result]Compared with the water,the incidence of sunscald was significantly reduced by calcium treatment in the range from 17.9％ to 25.9％.Calcium content was significantly increased in the range from 11.6％ to 24.6％.Berry hardness,soluble solid content,soluble solid acid ratio and the content of total soluble sugar were increased.Titratable acid content was reduced.[Conclusion]After calcium treatments,the incidence of sunscald was significantly decreased,and summer fruit flavor and the commodity value were significantly increased.Spraying spike by calcium nitrate solutions of 1.5％ in the fruit setting period,repeating 10 days after,produced the best effect.