竹笋壳纤维的微观结构与热性能测定

Microstructure and thermal properties of bamboo shoots shell fiber

[目的]了解自然脱落竹笋壳纤维的微观结构特征和热性能,为开发利用竹林资源竹笋壳提供理论依据.[方法]通过电子显微镜观察纤维的横截面和表面形态,用X射线衍射测定纤维的结晶度,用红外光谱测试分析纤维含有基团的种类,用差热—热重联用分析仪测定纤维的热性能.[结果]竹笋壳纤维表面粗糙,存在沟槽和裂缝,横向有枝节,且有轻微的天然转曲现象;纤维横截面有大量的小凹坑,纤维中腔呈圆形或扁平状孔洞;竹笋壳纤维具有典型的纤维素纤维结构,经X射线衍射测定,竹笋壳纤维结晶度为68.2％,高于棉纤维.天然竹笋壳纤维的热稳定性和热降解机理与棉纤维相似,竹笋壳纤维在345℃左右开始热分解,随着温度的升高,竹笋壳纤维在410～470℃呈现显著的失重现象.[结论]竹笋壳纤维属于典型的纤维素纤维,且具有良好的热性能,可在纺织领域应用.

[Objective]The microstructure and thermal properties of bamboo shoots shell fiber were studied to provide theoretical references for development and utilization of bamboo resources.[Method]Cross section and morphological characteristics were observed under electron microscope.Degree of crystallinity of fiber was measured using X-ray diffraction.Gene kinds in fiber were detected using infrared spectroscopy.Thermal properties of fiber were analyzed using differential thermal-ther-mogravimetric analysis meter.[Result]The results indicated that bamboo shoots shell fiber surface was rough.There were grooves and cracks.In horizontal side,there were branches.A slight turn natural phenomenon existed.Cross section of bamboo shoots shell fiber had a large number of small pits,which were circular or flat holes.Bamboo shoots shell fiber had a typical structure of cellulose.Degree of crystallinity of fiber was 68.2％,which was higher than that of cotton fiber.Thermal stability property and decomposition mechanism of natural bamboo shoots shell fiber resembled cotton fiber.Thermal decomposition of bamboo shoots shell fiber began at about 345 ℃.With the increase of temperature,bamboo shoots shell fiber showed significant weightlessness at 410-470 ℃.[Conclusion]Bamboo shoots shell fiber is a typical cellulose fiber with good thermal performance,so it can be applied in textile field.