贵阳市野生兰科植物观赏种类资源调查及分析

Investigation and analysis on ornamental species of wild orchid plants in Guiyang

[目的]调查、分析贵阳市野生兰科植物观赏种类资源,为保护及合理开发利用野生兰科植物提供依据.[方法]采用样方法和线路调查法,在不同季节分别对贵阳市野生兰科植物进行调查.参考相关文献,编制完成兰科植物名录,结合野生兰科植物花、叶及假鳞茎和资源状况、生境特征筛选出观赏种类,并就其分布格局、分布点、垂直分布范围、观赏价值、生态适应型、生长环境、应用形式进行分析.[结果]贵阳市野生兰科植物观赏种类主要分布在修文县、息烽县、开阳县、花溪区、乌当区及清镇市的边远乡镇;分布于1～2个点的有13种,3～10个点的有13种,10个点以上的有5种,分布点最多的是金兰,有41个点,其次是春兰有35个点;选出用于分析的观赏种类11属31种,分别占贵阳市野生兰科植物总属数（34属）及总种数（80种）的32.35％和38.75％,其中附生型14种、地生型15种、地生或附生型两种;多数种类观叶和花,少数种类观赏假鳞茎.[结论]大部分贵阳市野生兰科观赏植物分布范围极其狭窄,其生境具有特殊性,可模拟其原生地的环境用于室内壁墙悬挂、盆栽观赏、山石点缀.

[Objective]The wild orchid ornamental species resources in Guiyang were investigated and analyzed to provide references for protection and rational development and utilization of the resources.[Method]The wild orchids in Guiyang in different seasons were investigated using sample method and route investigation method.The list of Orchidaceae plants was compiled referring to relevant literature.Some ornamental species were selected according to the characteristics of flowers,leaves,pseudobulb,status of resources,and habitats.And at the same time,several aspects were analyzed and studied,which were distribution patterns,distribution points,vertical distribution range,ornamental value,ecological adaptation,growth environment,and application form of ornamental species of wild orchid plants.[Result]The ornamental species of wild Orchidaceae were spread around some remote villages of Xiuwen County,Xifeng County,Kaiyang County,Huaxi District,Wudang District and Qingzhen City.And there were 13 species of them in 1-2 distribution points,13 species in 3-10 distribution points,and 5 species in more than 10 distribution points.Cephalanthera falcate had 35 distribution points; and Cymbidium goeringii had most distribution points,which were 41 points.A total of 11 genera and 31 ornamental species were selected for analysis,which accounted for 32.35％ of all the genera （34） and 38.75％ of all species （80） of wild orchids in Guiyang,respectively.Among all,14 species of them were epiphytic,15 species of them edaphic,and 2 species of them edaphic or epiphytic.Most of them were appreciated for their leaves and flowers,and some others for their pseudobulbs.Totally 31 species of all even can be used in potted ornaments and rocks dotting,and the epiphytic species can be hung on the wall.[Conclusion] The distribution range is extremely narrow for most wild orchid ornamental plants in Guiyang.They are great materials for indoor wall hanging,potted ornaments and rocks dotting.