生物-非离子型表面活性剂对土壤石油污染的清除

Removing Petroleum Polluted Soil with Biological Nonionic Surfactant

为了研究鼠李糖脂与化学型表面活性剂复配体系清除土壤石油污染的效果,以吐温和司盘系列非离子型表面活性剂为研究对象,通过动态接触角测量仪测定各单组分的胶束浓度,进而考察鼠李糖脂浸膏与4种非离子型表面活性剂的最佳复配比例,并对其模拟石油污染土壤的清除石油效果及影响因素进行评价。结果表明,二元复配的非离子型表面活性剂体系比单一组分的清除石油效果好,添加少量的鼠李糖脂可大幅度降低复配体系的表面张力,清除石油效果明显提高。当0.3 g/L鼠李糖脂与4.0 g/L司盘60复配、固液比为1∶20(m/V,g∶mL),水浴为70℃时,复配体系对石油的去除率达到79.64%,2次清洗对石油的去除率可提高到82.91%。

In order to investigate the oil removing ratio in polluted soil,micelle concentration of 4 kinds of non-ionic surfactants such as Tween60/80 and Span60/80 were studied by a dynamic contact angle measuring instrument.The optimal concentration ratio of rhamnolipid fermentation extract compound with four kinds of non-ionic surfactants were determined.The efficiency of oil displacement and the impact factors were evaluated.The results showed that the compound surfactant system was better than singleness.The efficiency of oil displacement increased signifficantly when lower concentration of rhamnolipid was added.The optimal combination system was 0.3 g/L rhamnolipid and 4.0 g/L Span 60.The ratio of material to liquid was 1∶20 （m/V,g∶mL）.The oil displacement rate reached a maximum ratio of 79.64％ （washing 1 times）at 70 ℃C and reached to 82.91％ when it was washed 2 times.