不同施肥处理对鄂东南双季稻产量及养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on the Yield and Utilization of Nutrients for Double-cropping Rice in Southeast Hubei Province

试验以双季稻为材料,研究了不同施肥处理对鄂东南双季水稻产量及养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,与不施肥处理(CK)相比,习惯施肥、测土施肥和控释氮肥处理的双季稻周年产量分别增产18.0%、20.9%和12.8%。施肥处理双季稻的株高、有效穗数和每穗实粒数也有明显增加,而千粒重和结实率无显著变化。与CK相比,各施肥处理明显提高了双季稻各器官对N、P、K的吸收累积量。不同养分的吸收累积量在双季稻不同器官中的分布存在差异,N和P表现为子粒大于秸秆,K则表现为秸秆大于子粒。施肥降低了N、P、K在子粒中的分配比例。双季稻的肥料利用率结果显示,测土施肥处理肥料偏生产力和农学利用率均最高;与习惯施肥处理和控释氮肥处理相比,早稻肥料偏生产力和农学利用率分别提高了28.7%、8.6%和62.5%、48.6%,晚稻分别提高了19.7%、6.4%和17.6%、90.5%。

Effects of different fertilization on the yield,nutrient uptake,and fertilizer utilization efficiency of double-cropping rice in southeast Hubei province were studied.The results showed that compared with that of the treatment without fertilizer （CK）,the annual yield of the treatment of conventional fertilization,soil-test-fertilization and controlled release fertilizer increased by 18.0％,20.9％ and 12.8％,respectively.The plant height,effective panicles and grains per panicle of doublecropping rice with fertilization treatments increased significantly.There was no significant changes of thousand grain weight and seed setting rates.The amount of N,P,K accumulation with fertilization treatments increased significantly in various organs of double-cropping rice compared with CK.The distribution of N,P,K absorption was different in different organ.The amount of N and P accumulation in various organs was in the order of grain＞straw,while that of K accumulation was in the order of straw＞grain.The allocation of N,P,K in grain decreased by fertilization.Results showed that the factor productivity and agronomic nutrient efficiency of double-cropping rice with soil-test-fertilization were the highest among all treatments.Compared with the conventional fertilization and controlled release fertilizer,the factor productivity and agronomic nutrient efficiency of the early rice increased by 28.7％,8.6％ and 62.5％,48.6％,respectively.The factor productivity and agronomic nutrient efficiency of the late rice increased by 19.7％,6.4％ and 17.6％,90.5％,respectively.