上海地区盛夏高温分布和热岛效应的初步研究

A Study of the High Temperature Distribution and the Heat Island Effectin the Summer of the Shanghai Area

摘 要 根据1997～1998年的7～8月高温加密观侧资料和卫星遥感资料，应用自然正交函数分解技术（EOF），对上海地区盛夏高温分布的气候平均场和第一特征场进行了分析。上海地区盛夏平均高温场分布具有显著的城市热岛效应特征。作者详细讨论了市区建成面积、土地利用类别、人口密度和人为热等都市化因素对热岛效应范围和强度的影响，并做出定量的估计，提出了缓解城市热岛效应的若干对策。第一特征场分析表明，风向是影响上海地区热岛效应范围和强度变化的最主要的气象因子。

Abstract Based on the data of the temperature intensive observation and the satellite remote sensing in July- August of 1997-1998 in the Shanghai area, the mean field and the first characteristic field of the high temperature are analysed with the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The mean field of high temperature during summer in the Shanghai area has notable features of heat island. We discussed and quantitatively estimated how the factors such as the city built-up area, the lands with different landuses, the population density, the man-made heat affect the area and intensity of the heat island. And some measures to relax the heat island effect are proposed. The analysis of the first characteristic field reveals that wind is the most important one of the meteorological factors affecting the changes of the area and intensity of heat island effect in the Shanghai area.