内蒙古扎鲁特旗土地利用方式及强度对草原群落的影响

IMPACTS OF LAND USE CHANGE AND INTENSITY ON THE GRASSLAND IN ZHALUTE BANNER, INNER MONGOLIA

内蒙古扎鲁特旗位于北方农牧交错带区域 ,近期对其草原植被的调查分析表明 :人类不合理的土地利用方式及过大的土地利用强度对该地草原植被造成严重影响 ,草原面积缩小、植被退化严重 ,草场质量下降。人口激增引发的土地利用方式由牧向农的转化 (垦草为粮 )以及草地利用强度的加大 (超载过牧 )是造成该区草原植被退化的主要原因。改变土地利用方式、围栏禁牧是实现退化草原植被恢复演替的有效措施。

Zhalute banner, Inner Mongolia, is located in the typical farming pastoral zone of northern China. Investigation into its steppe vegetation and analysis in this paper show that the irrational change of land use pattern from pasture to farmland and the intensification of over grazing on the remaining pastures have exerted severe impacts on the vegetation in last more than ten years. This is represented not only by the acreage reduction of the grassland, but also by the deterioration of the steppe vegetation and the degradation of the pastoral quality. The main reason behind the land degradation should be the fast expansion of human activity driven by the population growth. Returning the land use pattern back to more pastures and rotationally fencing part of the pastures to prevent over grazing are feasible measures for the restoration succession of the steppe vegetation there.