人类活动对北京东灵山山顶草甸植被的影响及草甸植被的保育对策

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE MEADOW VEGETATION IN DONGLING MOUNTAIN, BEIJING AND MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION OF THE MEADOW VEGETATION

通过对北京东灵山海拔 15 0 0m以上草甸植被资源的调查 ,共获得 4 1个面积为 4m× 4m的样方资料。将不同草甸群落按照人类活动的影响作用进行归类 ,并对各个草甸群落的生境和群落特征进行分析 ,结果表明 :①东灵山山顶草甸植被以人类活动影响下形成的次生草甸群落为主 ,原生性草甸仅分布在海拔 2 0 0 0m以上的山顶及其邻近地段 ;②种类组成最丰富的草甸群落位于海拔 15 10～ 190 0m的地段 ,这是自然条件和人类活动共同作用的结果 ;③旅游活动的影响已经使山顶原生性草甸受到威胁 ,局部地段草甸植被退化严重 ;④限制马匹活动 ,适时、适度提高缆车票价 ,在草甸分布地段部分拆除并制止新建饭店、旅馆 ,实行旅游功能分区规划和管理 ,有针对性地开展草甸承载力研究等 ,是现阶段草甸植被保育的重要措施。

The human impact on the mountain meadow vegetation growing 1 500 m above sea level in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, has been studied in this paper through the analyses to the field survey data collected from 41 quadrats (4 m×4 m each). The data were analyzed with respect to the ways and intensity of human impact, features of the meadow vegetation and characteristics of its habitats. The preliminary results are as follows: ①Most of the meadow communities in Dongling mountain are secondary vegetation under heavy human impacts. The primary meadow vegetation distributes only around the peak area of the mountain, higher than 2 000 m above sea level. ②The meadow communities with richer species composition are found at the places between 1 510～1 900 m above sea level, which is the direct results of natural environment deeply interfered by human activities. ③Development of tourism and sightseeing activities has exerted heavy impacts on the primary meadow vegetation around the peak area of the Mountain, which has led to the serious deterioration of the vegetation in some local areas. ④Regulations of restricting the tourism and sightseeing activities in meadow concentration areas, such as forbidding horse riding on sensitive areas, raising the price of cable car in busy tourism seasons, removing excessive hotels, and diverging the tourists within the low elevation range, are effective measures to protect the meadow vegetation. Meanwhile, researching further into the environmental capacity of the meadow vegetation, enhancing the tourism planning and improving the functional tourism divisions accordingly are also conducive to the conservation of the meadow vegetation.