中国活动构造研究的进展与展望

Advances and Overview on Researches of Active Tectonics in China

本文试图在世界活动构造研究背景下概括中国活动构造研究的进展,并对最近20年来中国的活动构造研究,包括几何学、滑动速率、古地震和大震重复间隔、分段理论和应用、活动褶皱、深浅构造耦合关系、城市和海域活动构造探测、块体划分和块体运动、地震危险性和未来断裂滑动量评价及中国现代构造活动动力学等进行简要评述,对今后在这些方面的发展进行概略的讨论。

This paper briefly overviews major advance in researches of active tectonics of China. Initiation of active tectonic studies was characterized by descriptions of relations between faults and strong earthquakes during the 1920s to 1950s. Reconnaissance on active faults and fault-controlled Quaternary basins had been carried out along major historic seismic zones and in the regions where historic great earthquakes occurred during the 1960s to 1970s. Quantitative studies on active tectonics, including 1 : 50000 scaled mapping on major active structures, started from early 1980. Researches in this time period concentrated on fault geometry and segmentation, fault slip rates, active folds, earthquake surface ruptures and coseismic displacements, paleoearthquakes and earthquake recurrence intervals, relationships between surface and deep structures, delineation of crustal block and block motion, seismic hazard assessment and estimation of future amount of cosesimic displacement along a particular fault. Such parameters were obtained along more than 10 major fault zones in China. In general, slip rates are fast and paleoearthquake recurrent intervals are short in the Tibetan Plateau. In contrast, slip rates are slow and paleoearthquake recurrent intervals are long in the Xinjiang and North China blocks. The paper also discussed aspects that should be further studied with special emphasizes on active structures in the marginal sea regions.