特区农村小学生形态发育和健康状况分析

The Morphological Development and Health Condition Of Pupils In The Rural Area of Shen Zhen Special Zone

目的 系统掌握深圳市农村城市化小学生生长发育状况及常见病发生发展规律,为进一步做好本地区学生保健工作提供科学依据。方法 对龙岗镇所属11所学校9241名在校小学生进行健康检查,获得全部数据经审核后输入微机,用sas6.12软件包进行统计处理,并与该镇1995年资料进行比较分析。结果 男女生身高体重均呈“两头小、中间大”分布,且构成比(上等、下等)差异无显著性。但身高下等率在6个年级间差异有非常显著意义(X^2=25.158,P<0.001),高年级小学生身高下等率明显低于低年级者。在五大常见疾病中,危害小学生身心健康排在首位的是龋齿,占51.76％,其次排位关系依次为视力不良、沙眼、营养不良等。男女生常见疾病病型构成比不同(X^2=35.006,P<0.001),女生营养不良、视力不良、沙眼患病率均高于男生。各年级常见疾病病型构成比亦不同(X^2=1115.87,P<0.001),高年级组常见病以视力不良和肥胖为主,低年级组以龋齿为主。结论 龙岗镇小学生形态发育存在长期增长趋势。龋患率呈降低趋势,但视力不良率呈上升趋势。

[ Objective ] To keep informed the morphological development status and the regular pattern of some common diseases among the pupils in countryside of Shen Zhen. To provide scientific basis for the students' health care. [Methods]Health examination was performed among 9241 pupils in 11 primary schools in Long Gang town. All the data were statistically dealt with computers, and were compared with the information in 1995. [Results]There was no significant difference between boys and girls in height and weight. But there were significant difference in height inferior ratio among the six grades ( x2 = 25.158, P < 0.001) . The inferior ratio in high grades was lower than that in lower grades. Among the five common diseases, decayed tooth was the primary one to harm the pupils' health (51.76%) . Other common diseases are bad eyesight, obesity and malnutrition. The constituent ratio of the common illness type is different between boys and girls (x2 = 35 .006, P < 0.001) . The morbidity of malnutrition, bad eyesight and trachoma in girls is higher than that in boys. Difference also exists in the constituent ratio of common diseases in different grades (x2 = 1 115.87, P < 0.001) . The common diseases in higher grades are mainly bad eyesight and obesity, and decayed tooth in lower grades. [ Conclusion ] Secular growth changes were found in morphological development among pupils in Long Gang. The prevalence rate of decayed tooth is falling, but that of bad eyesight was ascending.