中学生抑郁、焦虑情绪的流行特征及相关因素分析

Study on the emotion of depression and anxiety of middle school students and its relative factors

目的 了解中学生抑郁、焦虑情绪的流行特征 ,并探讨其相关因素。方法 整群抽取本地区 2所中学的 190 2名高中学生进行抑郁、焦虑情绪的现况调查并分析其相关因素。结果 高中学生抑郁和焦虑情绪的流行率分别为 4 5 .5 %和16 .0 9% ;不同性别、年级和学校类型高中学生在某些BDI单项分上的差异具有统计学显著性意义 ;女生、普通中学学生焦虑情绪的发生率分别显著高于男生、重点中学学生 ,高三年级学生的焦虑情绪的发生率略高。逐步回归分析结果表明 ,中学生抑郁情绪与焦虑、认真考虑过自杀、学习成绩、出生地、近 1个月内吸烟、年级、近 1年内打架、母亲文化程度以及计划自杀有关 ,焦虑情绪与抑郁、认真考虑过自杀、母亲文化程度、性别、师生关系、年级和同学关系有关。结论 应联合学校、家庭、社会 ,加强中学生心理健康教育 ,以防止或降低中学生抑郁、焦虑情绪的发生率 ,全面推进素质教育。

Objective To learn epidemiological characteristics of emotion of depression and anxiety among middle school students and to explore its relative factors.Methods A questionnaire survey of emotion of depression and anxiety was conducted on 1 902 random samples among middle school students in our area by cross sectional study.Results The prevalence rates of emotion of depression and anxiety were 45.5% and 16.09% respectively among middle school students in Anhui province. There was significant difference on BDI monomial mark between different genders,grades and types of school(P<0.05). The prevalence rates of emotion of anxiety in female and in general school students were higher significantly than in male and in emphasized school students respectively. The prevalence rate of emotion of anxiety in the third grade of high school was dominant. Stepwise regression analyses showed the emotion of depression was relative to emotion of anxiety,thinking better of suicide,achievement,homeplace,smoking within 1 month,grade,fighting within 1 month,cultural degree of mother and planning suicide. The emotion of anxiety was relative to emotion of depression,thinking better of suicide,cultural degree of mother,gender,relation between teacher and students,grade and relation among middle school students.Conclusion This study suggested we should take pertinent measures to develop psychological healthy education associated with school,family,society,so as to prevent and reduce the prevalence rates of emotion of depression and anxiety,moreover to advance the education of diathesis on middle school students.