不同镉水平下小麦对镉及矿质养分吸收和积累的品种间差异

Difference between two wheat cultivars in Cd and mineral nutrient uptake under different Cd levels

土壤Cd污染不仅影响作物的生长发育和产量形成,也对食物安全产生了潜在威胁.本试验以苗期生长特性有明显差异的2个小麦品种为供试材料,设置0、0.03、0.1、0.3和1.0mg·kg-1Cd等5种处理水平,研究不同Cd水平下两品种的生长和Cd及矿质养分吸收.结果表明,低浓度Cd(0.03mg·kg-1)对两品种的生长和干物质积累有明显的促进作用,而高浓度Cd(>0.3mg·kg-1)则显著抑制生长,且受抑制程度与品种有关,甘谷534的耐性相对较强;地上部和根系的Cd含量,Cd处理水平与品种之间存在着显著的互作,低 Cd水平下(<0.1mg·kg-1),甘谷534的Cd含量较高,而高Cd水平下,则以鄂81513的 Cd含量较高;Cd处理显著影响矿质养分的吸收,鄂81513在 0.1mg·kg-1Cd水平下 5种大量元素含量明显低于对照,而甘谷534变化相对较小,这与两品种生长和分蘖对Cd处理的反应表现一致.

Cadmium pollution in soil not only affects growth and yield formation of crop plants, but also develops a potential risk to food health. The experiment was conducted to study growth and Cd and mineral nutrient uptake of two wheat cultivars differed in agronomic performance in seedling stage under 5 Cd levels ranged from 0 to 1.0mg· kg-1 Cd. The results showed that the growth and dry matter accumulation were stimulated in low Cd concentration (0. 03mg·kg-1) for both cultivars, while inhibited significantly under high concentration (>0.3mg· kg-1). The inhibited extension was dependence on cultivars and Genguo 534 had higher tolerance to Cd toxicity in comparison with E18513. There was the significant interaction between Cd level and cultivar in the influence of Cd treatment on Cd content in both root and shoot in that Genguo 534 had higher Cd content in lower Cd levels and E81513 showed more rapid increase in higher Cd levels. Cd treatment had significant influence on mineral nutrient uptake and two cultivars showed different response. In the treatment of 0. 1mg·kg-1 Cd, the contents of five macro-nutrients were significant lower for E81513 in comparison with those in control, while Genguo remained little changed.