质子对小麦的诱变效应及作用机理研究 Ⅰ.质子对小麦的诱变效应

STUDIES ON MUTAGENIC EFFECTS AND MECHANISM OF WINTER WHEAT IRRADIATED BY PROTON Ⅰ.MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF PROTON IRRADIATION ON WHEAT

用 2MeV～ 9MeV 7个能量 ,5C～ 1 60C 1 2个剂量的质子处理 5个品种 ,研究质子对小麦的诱变效应。结果表明 ,M1代的生物损伤随剂量的提高而加重 ,在一定能量范围内 ( 6MeV以下 ) ,随能量的增加而加大 ,超过一定能量 ,生物损伤有所减轻 ;M1代较易出现γ辐照中少见的叶绿素条状缺失损伤。M2 代诱变效果显著 ,突变谱宽 ,有益突变频率明显高于γ射线 ,较易诱发早抽穗性状变异 ;明确诱变小麦的适宜能量为4MeV ,适宜剂量为 1 4× 1 0 10 ～3 7× 1 0 10 P cm2 。

Dry seeds of 5 wheat varieties were irradiated by 2～9 MeV protons with various doses.The mutagenic effects in M\-1 and M\-2 were studied.The results showed that the biological damage become higher with the increasing of the dose.The biological damage increased with the increasing of the energy when the energy was lower than 6 MeV and decreased when the energy was higher than 6 MeV.There were chlorophyll stripped deficiency in M\-1 generation,which were seldom found in γ\|ray treatment.Wider mutational spectrum and higher useful mutation frequencies were observed in M\-2 generation by proton than by γ\|ray treatment.Also the earlier earing mutation type appeared more frequently.The appropriate energy of proton treatment was 4 MeV and the range of appropriate doses were 1\^4×10\+\{10\}～3\^7×10\+\{10\}P/cm\+2.