植物性脲酶抑制剂对作物营养和土壤特性的影响

EFFECTS OF PLANT UREASE INHIBITOR ON CROP NUTRITION AND SOIL CHARACTERS

采用15N 尿素进行盆栽试验 ,研究了 4种植物材料 (P1、P2 、P3、P4 )作脲酶抑制剂对高粱和水稻营养效应及土壤特性的影响。结果表明 ,4种植物性脲酶抑制剂对水稻和P1对高粱生长、地上部干重有明显的提高作用 ,且植株叶绿素a b值变幅小。植物性脲酶抑制剂 (除P3外 )提高水稻叶片氨基酸含量 1 2 9%～ 2 5 1 %和植株氮素利用率 5 2 %～ 7 7% ,亦促进高粱植株对氮素的利用。 4种植物性脲酶抑制剂提高两种作物氮素表观利用率 4 3 %～ 1 9 2 %和水稻磷、钾吸收量 ,而对高粱磷、钾吸收有降低作用。植物性脲酶抑制剂能提高两种作物的土壤碱解氮含量。淹水条件下植物性脲酶抑制剂持续作用时间相对较短 ,水稻生长 3 6d ,土壤脲酶活性变化不大 ;高粱生长 48d ,土壤脲酶活性降低 1 0 5%～ 1 8 3 %。

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of 15 N urea and 4 kinds of plant materials(P 1,P 2,P 3 and P 4) as urease inhibitor on sorghum and rice nutrition and soil characters. The results indicated that the growth, above ground parts and roots weight of rice and sorghum were respectively promoted by 4 plant urease inhibitors and P 1 with little change of chl.a/ chl.b ratios in these treatments. The content of amino acid in rice leaf and utilization rate of nitrogen by rice were enhanced by 12 9%～25 1% and 5 2%～7 7% respectively, and the utilization rate of nitrogen by sorghum was improved by urease inhibitor treatments (except P 1). Plant urease inhibitor could obviously increase the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen by 4 3%～19 2% for two crops and improve phosphorus and potassium uptake by rice plant but decrease phosphorus and potassium uptake by sorghum plant. The contents of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen were increased by plant urease inhibitor under two cultivated condition. The inhibition time of plant urease inhibitor to soil urease was short and it disappeared at 36 days of rice growth under flooded condition, while the activites of soil urease were decreased by 10 6%～18 3% at 48 days of sorghum growth in upland soil.