小儿烧伤2539例分析

An analysis of 2539 cases of burned children

目的 分析小儿烧伤的特点 ,探讨小儿烧伤的防护。方法 对 12周岁以下的小儿烧伤 2 5 3 9例进行季节、年龄、受伤原因、受伤面积、休克发生率、死亡率与死亡原因等特点分析。结果 小儿烧伤的发生无明显季节性 ;5岁以下儿童发病率最高 ,占 71.96% ;受伤原因以烫伤为最多 ,占总数的 79.99% ,其中家庭烫伤 185 4例 ,占 91.2 9% ,其次是火焰烧伤和电烧伤 ,化学烧伤最为少见 ;烧伤面积在 2 0 %以下的病人在半数以上 ;小儿烧伤后休克的发生率与烧伤面积有明显的相关性 ,烧伤面积达 40 %时 ,休克发生率已超过 5 0 % ,随着面积的增加呈上升趋势 ;小儿烧伤死亡率与面积呈正相关 ,主要死亡原因是 :休克、败血症、呼吸衰竭。结论 小儿烧伤应主要做好家长及幼儿园老师的健康教育 ,降低家庭烧伤的发生率 ;根据小儿的生理特点 ,防止小儿烧伤后脑水肿及其它并发症的发生 。

Objective To analyze the characteristic of burned children, and to explore the prevention and the nursing of their burns. Methods The etiology, age, incidence of burn shock, injury seasons, mortality and the causes of death in 2539 burned children admitted to our institute in recent 15 years were analyzed. Results There was no remarkable season related features of burn in children. In view of ages, children under 5 years were injured with the highest incidence of 71.96%. Scalding was the main cause of burn injury with the incidence of 79.99% among all causes, moreover, injury at home happened in 1854 cases with incidence of 91.99%. The flame and electrical burn ranked in the second place. Chemical burn seldom happened. More than half of the burned children were injured with TBSA with its incidence of less than 20%. The post-burn shock was correlated significantly with burn area. The mortality of burned children was positively correlated with burn area. The main causes of mortality were shock, septicemia and respiratory failure. Conclusion Health education and prophylaxis measures should be emphasized and advocated to parents and nursery teachers so as to decrease burn incidence at home and nursery. The physiological characteristics of children should specially be paid attention to in order to avoid the incidence of brain edema and other complications and to lower down the mortality.