安徽贫困农村学前儿童健康与膳食营养状况动态分析

Comparative Analysis of Five Successive Years Monitoring on Healthy and Dietary Status of Preschool Children in Relatively Poor Rural Areas of Anhui Province

目的 了解安徽省贫困农村地区 (泾县、宁国、岳西、界首 )学龄前儿童健康与膳食营养状况动态。方法 研究周期 5年 ,3次监测评估 (基线调查、中期评估、终期评估 )。结果 共监测 5岁以下儿童 9340名 ,其中膳调儿童 552名。儿童生长发育迟缓和低体重发生率达 2 1 .2 %和 1 5 .6 % ,呈下降趋势 (分别下降了 9.4和 7.1个百分点 ) ;儿童贫血患病率居高不下 ,终期评估时高出 5个百分点 ,达 44 .5 % ;儿童主要膳食模式是“谷类加蔬菜水果” ,占膳调儿童的 36 % ,且有 1 5 .1 %的儿童膳食中只含谷类 ;蛋白质、热能摄入量虽逐年增加 ,但最终也只能满足各自RDA的 57.4%和 66 .3 % ;钙和维生素A的摄入呈严重不足 ,分别达RDA的 2 1 .4%和 43 .7%。结论 提示农村经济发展在一定程度上改善了贫困农村地区儿童的健康与膳食营养状况 ,但远未达到理想状态 。

The study was designed to monitor healthy and dietary status of preschool children and make analyses of data collected in 4 relatively poor counties (Jin Xian, Ning Guo, Yue Xi and Jie Shou) of Anhui Province in five successive years, which was composed of the base-line survey, middle-term and final-term evaluation. Physical and biochemical measurements were made for 9340 children under five years. Dietary survey was performed on a sub-sample of 552 children aged 3~5y. The results showed: The prevalence of stunting and underweight kept declining, reaching 21.2% and 15.6% respectively by ending of the project using the Z score ≤2 as the cut-off point. The prevalence of anemia was 44.5% using HB ≤110 g /L as the cut-off point , rising by 5 percentage compared to the base-line level. The dominant diet pattern among children was comprised of 'corn plus vegetables and fruits'. 36% of the children had the diet pattern and another 15.1% of the children consumed a diet pattern only including corn. Although the intakes of protein and energy kept rising year by year, they only accounted for 57.4% and 66.3% of their own RDA by the ending. Intakes of calcium and vitamin A were seriously insufficient, only accounting for 21.4% and 43.7% of their own RDA . The above results indicated that five years development of rural economy had improved children s health and dietary nutrition to a certain extent, yet there were many nutritional problems and influencing factors to cope with .