苏南粳稻杂种优势的利用研究

Study on the Utilization of the Heterosis of Japonica Hybrid Rice from Southern Jiangsu Province

选用 3个粳型光敏核不育系 ,3 0个粳型父本配组 ,对 8个农艺性状的亲本一般配合力和组合的杂种优势及特殊配合力进行分析。结果表明 :F1 单株谷重的优势最强 ,超亲优势变幅为 -2 0 .0 0 %～ 110 .0 6% ,平均 76.45 % ;竞争优势 -3 6.3 2 %～10 1.74% ,平均为 14 .77% ;播始历期、穗长、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数、千粒重的超亲优势和竞争优势明显 ;结实率的优势大部分呈负向 ;株高的优势大部分呈正向。亲本 40 0 2、99 2 5、5 193的单株产量一般配合力较好 ,组合N42 2S/4 0 0 2、HP41S/5 193、HP41S/香糯 990 3 3的单株产量特殊配合力较高。

Three japonica rice photo-sensitive genic male sterile(PGMS) lines, and thirty japonica rice male parents were mated to F 1 hybrids. The parent's general combining ability(GCA) and combination's heterosis and specific combining ability(SCA) were analyzed in 8 main agronomic traits. The results showed that F1 hybrids had a higher yield potential. Super-parent heterosis (SH) and competitive heterosis(CH) of grain yield per plant ranged from -20.0% to 110.06% and -36.32% to 101.74% respectively. SH and CH of days to initial heading, panicle length, effective panicles per plant, number of seed per panicle and 1 000-grain weight were significantly increased. The heterosis in the rate of seed-setting was negative and the heterosis in plant height was positive. SH and CH of plant height ranged form -8.78% to 31.97% and -5.07% to 30.34% respectively. Japonica male parents 4002, 99 25 and 5193 had higher GCA in grain yield per plant. Combination N422S/4002, HP41S/5193, HP41S/Xiangnuo 99033 had higher SCA in grain yield per plant. The utilizations of some parents and combinations with strong heterosis were evaluated.