我国海岸带灾害类型划分及灾害信息系统设计

Types of Coastal Disasters in China and Design of Coastal Disasters Information System

近年来海岸带灾害越来越成为制约海岸带——我国最重要的经济带——社会、经济和环境可持续发展的重要因素。本文根据成灾主导因素自然变异因素,人为作用和影响因素占优的原则,对我国海 ( ) 岸带灾害进行了系统分类。通过对风暴潮和赤潮这两类重要灾害的分析,发现对于人为因素主导或参与的海岸带灾害的减灾,关键在于合理规范人类行为,保护和改善本已十分脆弱的海岸带生态环境,使人与自然界和谐相处;对于自然因素主导的灾害,则力求在海岸带开发中合理规划建设,加强监测、预测、预报、预警系统的研究和建设,做到未雨绸缪。类型划分是灾害信息数字化的基础,而建立海岸带灾害信息系统则是从更高的层次对灾害信息进行处理、管理和使用,基于此提出旨在海岸带社会经济可持续发展的海岸带灾害信息系统设计方案。

Coastal zone is particularly important to China's economy. Coastal disasters, however, have impeded sustainable development of the socio-economy. Based on analysis both of the natural processes and impacts of human activities, a systematic classification of coastal disaster types in China was proposed. For examples, storm surge and red tide disasters are described in details. The analysis results suggest that understanding and prediction of land-ocean interaction processes and global changes are essential to rational planning and designing of coastal development, to protecting and improving the environment of the coastal ECOTONE and to regional sustainable development. And therefore, a conceptual framework of Coastal Disasters Information System (CDIS) is proposed.